Abstract-An alternating method, in conjunction with the finite element method and a solution for multiple coplanar elliptical cracks in an intinite solid, is used to determine stress intensity factors for semi-elliptical surface flaws in cylindrical pressure vessels. The solution technique for multiple cracks in an infinite body has recently been developed by the prese.nt authors which implemen...

We present a model to investigate the formation and evolution of cluster galaxies using cosmological high-resolution N -body simulations. The N -body simulations are used to construct merging history trees of dark halos. Gas cooling, star formation, supernova feedback and mergers of galaxies within dark halos are included by using simple prescriptions taken from semi-analytic models of galaxy f...

BACKGROUND Since 2003, we have used the Proximal Humerus Interlocking System plate for treatment of proximal humeral fractures. Although many patients have good and excellent results, the reported rate of complications varies. We have focused on the complication rate and risk factors for complications 1 year after surgery. METHODS From 2003 until 2008, a total of 294 (223 women; 71 men; media...

We introduce principal-channels for cutting out objects from an image by one-sided scribbles. We demonstrate that few scribbles, all from within the object of interest, are sufficient to mark it out. One-sided scribbles provide significantly less information than two-sided ones. Thus, it is required to maximize the use of image-information. Our approach is to first analyze the image with a larg...