We establish a bijection from the set of all permutations (of a given length) that avoid a pattern q and a context-sensitive language.

This article presents a brief history of the Information Society and a research framework that is intended to address the challenges of ensuring that information and communication technologies are applied in ways that are enabling and responsive to the varied contexts in which people live their lives. ICT policies have come to be reasonably well-accepted as components of broader development pol...

This surgical planning and training system integrates an electronic atlas of brain structure with a virtual stereotactic frame and patient data, for intuitive, reach-in manipulation. The objective is plans prepared faster; better, more accurate choice of target points; improved avoidance of sensitive structures; fewer sub-optimal frame attachments; and speedier, more effective training. If vali...

Popular approaches to modeling analogical reasoning have captured a wide range of developmental and cognitive phenomena, but the use of structured symbolic representations makes it difficult to account for the dynamic and context sensitive nature of similarity judgments. Here, the results of a novel behavioral task are offered as an additional challenge for these approaches. Participants were p...

This paper is concerned with frequency adverbs in Japanese. Many linguists have pointed out that frequency statements and generic sentences have multiple readings when they co-occur with a kind of adjuncts. More often than not, the interpretation is complicated by the ambiguity of temporal adverbs and the context-dependent nature of the way operator works. In fact, frequency adverbs in Japanese...

Status of This Memo This document specifies an Internet standards track protocol for the Internet community, and requests discussion and suggestions for improvements. Please refer to the current edition of the "Internet Official Protocol Standards" (STD 1) for the standardization state and status of this protocol. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. Abstract The content of many communicatio...

We present PROCAB, an efficient method for Probabilistically Reasoning from Observed Context-Aware Behavior. It models the context-dependent utilities and underlying reasons that people take different actions. The model generalizes to unseen situations and scales to incorporate rich contextual information. We train our model using the route preferences of 25 taxi drivers demonstrated in over 10...

A BSTRACT We propose a context-dependent approach to the study of political information. Combining a content analysis of broadcast news with a national survey measuring public awareness of various events, issues, and individuals in the news, we show that properties of national media systems influence both the supply of news and citizens’ awareness of events in the news. Public service-oriented ...

We study charmonia correlators at finite temperature. We analyze to what extent heavy quarkonia correlators are sensitive to the effect of heavy quark transport and whether it is possible to constrain the heavy quark diffusion constant by lattice calculations. Preliminary lattice calculations of quarkonia correlators performed on anisotropic lattices show that they are sensitive to the effect o...

We use evolutionary algorithms to speed up a rather complex process, the tree adjoining grammars parsing. This improvement is due due to a linear matching function which compares the fitness of different individuals. Internally, derived trees are processed as tree-to-string representations. Moreover, we present some practical results and a post running analysis that may encourage the use of evo...