Understanding the charge-separation mechanism in organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) could facilitate optimization of their overall efficiency. Here we report the time dependence of the separation of photogenerated electron hole pairs across the donor-acceptor heterojunction in OPV model systems. By tracking the modulation of the optical absorption due to the electric field generated between the ...

K e y w o r d s J e t t i s o n i n g system, Retro-rocket, Jet damping, Pyro, Relative velocity, Relative distance, Launch vehicle. N O M E N C L A T U R E Az launch azimuth (deg) h altitude of separation (km) I inertia tensor (kg-m 2) t Time (s) mM, ms mass of the ongoing and spent bodies (kg) RE, Rp, Rs Earth's equatorial radius, polar radius, radius at the surface (km) r, q, p body angular ...

Globally distributed software development is facing challenges brought by geographic distance, temporal separation, and cultural diversity. Yet research regarding the impact of temporal separation and cultural differences is limited. This paper draws on an interpretive case study to examine the influence of culture on temporal separation and coordination of globally distributed software develop...

comparison and grouping of 32 grape cultivars and genotypes by using 61 traits including; 5 phenological and vegetative characters, 41 traits related to fruit and amount of resveratrol in 15 parts of plant was done according to grape descriptor and related methods. according to the results some traits such as spikelet weight, berry color, length of peduncle, length of berry tail, weight and len...

electric arc furnace dust (eafd) of ferromanganese production units, in the form of slurry, contains tar, alkalies, manganese, zinc, iron, silica, calcium, aluminum and other elements. a hydrometallurgical route based on solvent extraction technique was investigated for selective separation of manganese from the dust. leaching of the eafd resulted in an aqueous feed containing 4 g/l of manganes...

Distance determination, i.e. obtaining the distance between a pair of objects, is used in di¤erent applications such as the simulation of physical systems and robot path planning. Most of the existing algorithms focus on obtaining the separation distance and are limited to deal only with convex objects. In this work, a novel method for solving the minimum separation distance between convex and/...

This paper addresses the problem of automatic recognition of three simultaneous speeches with two microphones, that is, that of sound source separation where the number of sound sources is greater than that of microphones. The approach used is the direction-pass filter, which is implemented by hypothetical reasoning on the interaural phase difference (IPD) and interaural intensity difference (I...

The equilibrium tide-generating forces in the lunar orbital plane of a planet of radius R are calculated for the case of N moons of mass Mi orbiting the planet at instantaneous polar coordinates (Di, αi). For the case of a single moon, there are only two high tides. For the case of two moons, it is found that there can exist a critical lunar orbital distance at which two high tides become unsta...

Previous morphological studies of cell sorting in Hydra vulgaris have considered only clusters of cells. Here, we present ultrastructural observations on the adherent region of cell pairs brought into contact (following dissociation) using a three-dimensional laser manipulator. There was a much larger area of close membrane contact between endodermal cell pairs in comparison with ectodermal cel...

In this paper we focus on the use of windows in the frequency domain processing of data for the purpose of spectral parameter estimation. Classical frequency domain asymptotics replace linear convolution by circulant convolution leading to approximation errors. We show how the introduction of windows can lead to slightly more complex frequency domain techniques, replacing diagonal matrices by b...