During the thirteenth century, the Jews in southern France (called “Provence” in Hebrew sources) experienced a cultural revolution. Following the arrival of Maimonides’ writings and the translation of his Guide of the Perplexed into Hebrew, a very distinctive tradition of philosophy and exegesis was developed. Basic works of Graeco-Arabic and Arabic philosophy were translated into Hebrew, in re...

out of the minds of the monks he has had psychoanalysed by a distinguished Jewish woman, but also how to purge his own brain of such poison. The man is Gregoire Lemercier, the sixth of an artillery officer's thirteen children who feared his father and at the same time wanted to emulate him. When he became a priest he transferred his complex to God. His autoanalytical sermons bloom with double f...

Evolution was popularized from 1860 to 1900 in the USA and Britain in a wide variety of media. Here I investigate traditional texts associated with the intellectual elite, including philosophical or scientific monographs, sermons, and published lectures. Evolution was rarely popularized in ways that reflected Darwin's major contribution to biology, his theory of natural selection. This meant th...