We conducted a seroepidemiologic study during an outbreak of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in a boarding school in England. Overall, 353 (17%) of students and staff completed a questionnaire and provided a serum sample. The attack rate was 40.5% and 34.1% for self-reported acute respiratory infection (ARI). Staff were less likely to be seropositive than students 13-15 years of age (staff 20-49 years, ad...

Notification trends from countries with well-established immunisation programs show increasing tetanus cases among the elderly, corresponding to seroepidemiologic data showing declining immunity with advanced age. We examined Australian trends in tetanus to review the likely value of routine funded immunisation at 65 years. Since 1993, 62% (36/58) of notifications, 44% (67/151) of hospitalisati...

During July to September 2014, we performed a controlled, cross-sectional, seroepidemiologic study among 203 swine workers and 115 control subjects in Guangdong Province. Sera were tested using a hemagglutination inhibition assay against locally-isolated swine H3N2 and H1N1 viruses and commercially-obtained human influenza viral antigens. We found swine workers had a greater prevalence and odds...

tick-borne relapsing fever is an endemic disease in some parts of iran. borellia persica , the most common cause of this disease in iran, has a wide geographic distribution and is present in alborz and zagros mountain chains. here we report a 16–year-old male patient who presented with two episodes of fever within 15 days. he had a history of few overnight stays in a cave of mountainous area in...

The geographic distribution and host range of Borna disease (BD), a fatal neurologic disease of horses and sheep, are larger than previously thought. The etiologic agent, Borna disease virus (BDV), has been identified as an enveloped nonsegmented negative-strand RNA virus with unique properties of replication. Data indicate a high degree of genetic stability of BDV in its natural host, the hors...

BACKGROUND We describe the serological response following H1N1-2009 influenza A infections confirmed by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS The study included patients admitted to hospital, subjects of a seroepidemiologic cohort study, and participants identified from outbreak studies in Singapore. Baseline (first available blood sample...

Human T cell leukemia virus (HTL V) is the name by which we have designated a family of related retroviruses from humans. HTLV type I (HTLV-I) is the name we gave the first human retrovirus isolate. HTLV-I is endemic at low rates in different parts of the world, including southern Japan, the Caribbean, South and Central America, the southeastern United States, and especially in Africa. Seroepid...

Since human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was first identified as a risk factor for cervical cancer, several seroepidemiologic and tissue-based studies have investigated HPV in relation to prostate cancer, another common genitourinary malignancy, with mixed results. To further inform this potential association, we conducted a large, prospective investigation of HPV types 16, 18, and 31 in rela...

We compared the seroepidemiologic patterns of Helicobacter pylori and hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections among participants in 2 independent cross-sectional studies conducted in Japan in 1986 and 1994. Subgroups were monitored with successive blood sampling. H. pylori and HAV infection status was defined by results of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In 1986, the prevalence of H. pylori infec...