A seroepidemiologic survey was conducted among 773 male soldiers living in five urban locations in Sudan to study the prevalence of and risk factors for HIV-1 and hepatitis B transmission. Twenty-eight per cent of the study population were born and raised in southern Sudan, an area bordering Kenya, Zaire and Uganda, whilst 72% of the study subjects were from northern Sudan. Seventy-eight per ce...

Seroepidemiologic studies of Pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in humans have been limited by inadequate reagents. We have developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using three overlapping recombinant fragments of the human Pneumocystis major surface glycoprotein (MsgA, MsgB, and MsgC) for analysis of antibody responses in HIV-positive patients and healthy blood donors. HIV-positive pat...

To understand transmission of avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, we conducted a retrospective survey of poultry deaths and a seroepidemiologic investigation in a Cambodian village where a 28-year-old man was infected with H5N1 virus in March 2005. Poultry surveys were conducted within a 1-km radius of the patient's household. Forty-two household flocks were considered likely to have been infected ...

Notification trends from countries with well-established immunisation programs show increasing tetanus cases among the elderly, corresponding to seroepidemiologic data showing declining immunity with advanced age. We examined Australian trends in tetanus to review the likely value of routine funded immunisation at 65 years. Since 1993, 62% (36/58) of notifications, 44% (67/151) of hospitalisati...

The possibility in recent years that chronic infection with Chlamydia pneumoniae (CPn) may represent a risk factor for atherosclerosis or a mechanism of rapid progression of ischemic heart disease, or both, has attracted the attention of investigators and clinicians all over the world. After the first description of a seroepidemiologic association between antibody titers against the intracellul...

OBJECTIVES Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging pathogen. We evaluated the seroprevalence of HEV infection among swine farmers and the general population in Taiwan, a nonendemic country. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study in rural Taiwan in 2012 and 2013. The study included swine farmers, health examination attendees, pregnant women, and students. A commercial en...

PURPOSE This study determined the seroprevalence of herpes virus 2 in gravidas and the differences between herpes virus 2-infected and healthy gravidas. The need to screen gravidas for herpes virus 2 was also evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis involving 500 gravidas who underwent herpes virus 2 serologic testing and delivery in our hospital between January 2009 and Augu...

Q fever is a worldwide distributed zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii (Hoover et al., 1992; Maurin and Roult, 1999; Norlander, 2000), except New Zealand (Hilbink et al., 1993). Seroepidemiologic studies have reported different results for the seroprevalence of the bacterium in sheep (3 to 79 %) in Turkey (Özyer et al., 1990; Çetinkaya et al., 2000; Kalender, 2001; Kı lıc et al., 2005;...

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a ubiquitous pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease. The spectrum of C. pneumoniae infection has been extended to atherosclerosis and its clinical manifestations. Seroepidemiologic studies have associated C. pneumoniae antibody with coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, carotid artery disease, and cerebrovascular disease. The association of C. pneumonia...