To practically apply vacuum insulation panels (VIPs) to buildings or home appliances, VIPs have demanded long-term lifespan with outstanding insulation performance. Service lives of VIPs enveloped with Al-foil and three-layer Al-metallized envelope are calculated. For Al-foil envelope, the service life is longer but edge conduction is too large compared with the Al-metallized envelope. To incre...

This paper describes a development life cycle for telecommunications services emphasising requirements capture, formal specification and validation. The service is developed along the three dimensions of the methodology: refinement, completeness and formality, aiming for a complete, consistent and formally specified service definition. The described methodology can be integrated into currently ...