Inferring transition probabilities among ecological states is fundamental to community ecology because, based on Markovian dynamics models, these probabilities provide quantitative predictions about community composition and estimates of various properties that characterize community dynamics. Markov community models have been applied to sessile organisms because such models facilitate estimati...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIMS This study examines efficacy, outcome, and complications of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) for large (> or = 20 mm) and giant (> or = 40 mm) sessile and flat colorectal polyps. PATIENTS AND METHODS All EMRs carried out at our institution over a 9-year period, for large and giant sessile and flat colorectal polyps with an intensive and regular follow-up were evalu...

BACKGROUND Microbial infections are the most serious complications associated with indwelling central venous catheters. A catheter lock solution that is both antibacterial and antithrombotic is needed. The goal of this study was to determine whether a new catheter lock solution containing citrate, methylene blue and parabens has antimicrobial properties against planktonic bacteria and against s...

This study aimed to investigate the possible influence of bacterial intra- and interspecies interactions on the ability of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella enterica to develop mixed-culture biofilms on an abiotic substratum, as well as on the subsequent resistance of sessile cells to chemical disinfection. Initially, three strains from each species were selected and left to attach and form...

We study a spontaneous relaxation dynamics of arbitrarily shaped liquid drops on solid surfaces in the partial wetting regime. It is assumed that the energy dissipated near the contact line is much larger than that in the bulk of the fluid. We have shown rigorously in the case of quasi-static relaxation using the standard mechanical description of dissipative system dynamics that the introducti...

Removal of precancerous lesions during colonoscopy reduces colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and mortality [1]. Recent data have highlighted that interval CRC occurs despite previous colonoscopy. Incomplete removal of polyps is one of the factors leading to interval CRCs [2]. Incomplete polypectomy of sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) is four-fold higher than that of conventional adenomas [3] and ...

We explored variation in patterns of percussive stone-tool use on coastal foods by Burmese long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis aurea) from two islands in Laem Son National Park, Ranong, Thailand. We catalogued variation into three hammering classes and 17 action patterns, after examining 638 tool-use bouts across 90 individuals. Hammering class was based on the stone surface used for stri...

BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study is, therefore, to classify appendiceal serrated polyps in a large case series with respect to the recent World Health Organization classification using diagnostic criteria provided for colorectal serrated polyps. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 960 appendix specimens diagnosed between 2005 and 2010 were reviewed retrospectively, and cases presenting with...

Plant diseases are a major cause of losses of crops worldwide. Although rainfalls and foliar disease outbreaks are correlated, the detailed mechanism explaining their link remains poorly understood. The common assumption from phytopathology for such link is that a splash is generated upon impact of raindrops on contaminated liquid films coating sick leaves. We examine this assumption using dire...