In the summer of 1996, southeastern North Carolina, United States, was struck by two hurricanes, with the second (Hurricane Fran) doing considerably more damage than the first (Hurricane Bertha). The Cape Fear watershed, largest in North Carolina, suffered from severe water quality problems for weeks following Fran, including a massive fish kill in the Northeast Cape Fear River. Post-hurricane ...

Electroplating and metalworking industries discharge large amounts of heavy metals, including copper (Cu), nickel (Ni) and zinc (Zn) ions, in their effluents have been recognized as a major problem to human health and aquatic life. Copper is highly toxic because it is non biodegradable and carcinogenic, Copper has been reported to cause neurotoxicity commonly known as “Wilson’s disease” due to ...

A study was conducted to determine the significance of starvation resistance to the ability of a species to survive in sewage and lake water. Tests were conducted for periods of up to 14 days. Rhizobium meliloti and one fluorescent and one nonfluorescent strain of Pseudomonas were resistant to starvation because their population sizes did not fall appreciably in buffer and sterile lake water, a...

The virtual elimination of the principal point sources of human bacterial pollution through advanced treatment systems has not produced 100% compliance with microbial standards at all UK bathing water locations where they have been installed. This is partly explained by the existence of diffuse bacterial pollution derived from agricultural activities within catchments draining to the bathing zo...

An outbreak of 160 cases of viral hepatitis which occurred in Shahbad, Haryana, was investigated to ascertain the agent, cause of the outbreak and to initiate remedial measures. Out of the 30 samples tested, 26 (86.7%) were positive for IgM antibody against HEV, establishing hepatitis E virus responsible for the outbreak. Significant association of higher attack rates (4%) in ward 14 (OR = 17.9...

Increasing population and Industrialization are key pollutant contributors in water bodies. These wastes are highly hazardous for humansand ecosystem and require a comprehensive, effective treatment before discharge into water bodies. Over the years, many up gradations have been introduced in traditional water treatment methods which were expensive and ineffective especially for removal of heav...

Phosphorus and biologically active nitrogen are valuable nutrient resources. Bioremediation with macroalgae is a potential means for recovering nutrients from waste streams. In this study, reject water from anaerobically digested sewage sludge was successfully tested as nutrient source for cultivation of the green macroalgae Ulva lactuca. Maximal growth rates of 54.57±2.16% FW d(-1) were achiev...

in responding to emergency events. The assessment of shelters for the 2005 hurri­ cane evacuees is a great example of the use of these skills. Many of the environmental health issues that existed in the shelters were the same as those that practitioners assess during their regular duties. These is­ sues include safe food preparation, safe and adequate supply of water, infection control/ handwas...

The production of biogas has many advantages against other biomass based processes for production of energy or fuel. Biogas can be produced from any type of biomass whether it is a pure substrate or if it is a mix of materials like source-sorted municipal organic solid waste. The biogas process can handle substrate with different water content, from wet materials like Sewage sludge to dry mater...