Gonads and adrenal glands are the primary organs for the production of steroid hormones in mammals. Steroid hormones play important roles in development and are essential for the maintenance of homeostasis during adult life. To supply sufficient amounts of hormones, gonads and adrenal glands maintain their functions by replenishment of steroidogenic cells. It has been hypothesized that stem/pro...

Little is known about the hormonal effects of puberty on the anatomy of the developing human brain. In a voxel-based morphometry study, sex-related differences in gray matter (GM) volume were examined in 46 subjects aged 8-15 years. Males had larger GM volumes in the left amygdala, whereas females had larger right striatal and bilateral hippocampal GM volumes than males. Sexually dimorphic area...

The environmental loading of steroid hormones contained in dairy wastes may cause an adverse effect on aquatic species. To better assess the potential risks of hormone contamination resulting from land application of dairy wastes, various steroid hormones were determined in a typical dairy waste disposalsystem.Quantitativemethodsusinggaschromatography/ mass spectrometry (GC/MS) were developed t...

Introduction: Dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls are considered to be among the most toxic humans due their persistence, resistance degradation chemical properties. Endometriosis is characterized by presence of endometrial cells outside uterine cavity showing secretory activity. It one common causes pelvic pain decreased fertility; formed as a result action hormonal immune mechan...

This paper reviews recently published multi-residue chromatographic methods for the determination of steroid hormones in edible matrices. After a brief introduction on steroid hormones and their use in animal fattening, the most relevant EU legislation regarding the residue control of these substances is presented. An overview of multi-residue analytical methods, covering sample extraction and ...

Steroid hormones in ̄uence a variety of neuroendocrine events, including brain development, sexual differentiation and reproduction. Hormones elicit many of these effects by binding to neuronal steroid receptors, which are members of a nuclear receptor superfamily of transcriptional activators. However, the mechanisms by which activated steroid receptors regulate gene expression in brain are not...

Activities of the steroid metabolizing enzymes aromatase and 5 alpha-reductase have been documented in species ranging from fish to humans, yet relatively little work has been done in this area in reptiles. In the green anole lizard, Anolis carolinensis, steroid hormones are critical to the display of both masculine and feminine sexual behaviors. For example, dihydrotestosterone and testosteron...

Steroid hormones regulate physiological processes in species ranging from plants to humans. A wide range of steroid hormones exist, and their contributions to processes, such as growth, reproduction, development, and aging, is almost always complex. Understanding the biosynthetic pathways that generate steroid hormones and the signaling pathways that mediate their effects is thus of fundamental...

OBJECTIVE There are several factors, like environmental agents, neurotrophic factors, serotonin and some hormones such as estrogen, affecting neurogenesis and neural differentiation. Regarding to importance of proliferation and regeneration in central nervous system, and a progressive increase in neurodegenerative diseases, cell therapy is an attractive approach in neuroscience. The aim of the ...

Steroid hormones trigger the onset of sexual maturation in animals by initiating genetic response programs that are determined by steroid pulse frequency, amplitude and duration. Although steroid pulses coordinate growth and timing of maturation during development, the mechanisms generating these pulses are not known. Here we show that the ecdysone steroid pulse that drives the juvenile-adult t...