Recent increases in Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. forest density in the southwestern United States have severely reduced understory herbaceous biomass and altered understory species composition. To examine whether changes in graminoid species composition are caused by increased shading, we studied the effects of shade on leaf gas exchange, biomass, and reproductive characteristics of five gra...

The porang plant is a tuber-producing developed because it can increase farmers' income. Sunlight intensity and the growing environment are essential factors that affect growth yield of plants. research aims to get best shade, planting media formulation, their interaction for development outcome This study applied randomized group design with factorial pattern. first factor 50%, 70%, 90% shade....

Chamaecyparis obtusa is increasing the main reforestation species in warmer southern part of Republic Korea because its resistance to climate warming and economic value for timber. In this study, we investigated growth response 2-0 container seedlings combined artificial shading (full sunlight, 35%, 55%, 75%) fertilization (no fertilization, 0.5 g/L, 1.0 g/L 1.5 2.0 3.0 g/L) treatments. Seedlin...

One of the most successful algorithms that brought realism to the world of 3D image generation is Phong shading. It is an algorithm for smooth shading meshes of planar polygons used to represent curved surfaces. The level of realism and depth perception that can be obtained by Phong shading is attractive for 3D CAD applications and related areas. However, per pixel computation costs which were ...

Shading and classification are among the most powerful and important techniques used in volume rendering. Unfortunately, for hardware accelerated volume rendering based on OpenGL, direct classification is only supported on SGI platforms and shading could previously only be approximated inaccurately, resulting in shading artifacts mostly visible in darkening artifacts. So far, the combination of...

Humans use shading as a cue to three-dimensional form by combining low-level information about light intensity with high-level knowledge about objects and the environment. Here, we examine how cuttlefish Sepia officinalis respond to light and shadow to shade the white square (WS) feature in their body pattern. Cuttlefish display the WS in the presence of pebble-like objects, and they can shade ...

Existing shape-from-shading algorithms assume constant reflectance across the shaded surface. Multi-colored surfaces are excluded because both shading and reflectance affect the measured image intensity. Given a standard RGB color image, we describe a method of eliminating the reflectance effects in order to calculate a shading field that depends only on the relative positions of the illuminant...

Procedural material shaders continue to pop up since the advent of fragment programmability. Most of these shaders concentrate on interesting animated effects. The cg shades demo successfully explores the use of fragment shader programming for a different kind of materials: Highly repetitive, man-made materials. The given code shows a variety of implementation options adapted to different usage...