Abstract Orthography plays a crucial role in L2 learning, which generally relies on both oral and written input. We examine whether incongruencies between L1 grapheme-phoneme correspondences influence bilingual speech perception production, even when languages have been acquired early childhood before reading acquisition. Spanish–Basque Basque–Spanish bilinguals performed an auditory lexical de...

This study investigated the extent to which children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) can use orthography to facilitate vocabulary learning, as is the case for typically developing (TD) children. Forty-one children aged 7-12 years, 20 with a formal diagnosis of ASD and 21 TD peers, were taught 16 low-frequency concrete science words, such as "breccia". Half of the stimuli had the written wo...

We consider several solved and unsolved problems from the combinatorial coding and information theory such as multiple packing of discrete spaces, bounds for the probability of error in discrete channels. We expose recent progress in solving these problems for large sizes of alphabets. Also we introduce some new in coding and information theory problems which allow us to obtain nal (in some sen...

An H-system is a system of first-order linear homogeneous difference equations for a single unknown function T , with coefficients which are polynomials with complex coefficients. We consider solutions of H-systems which are of the form T : dom(T )→ C where either dom(T ) = Z, or dom(T ) = Z \ S and S is the set of integer singularities of the system. It is shown that any natural number is the ...

This study investigates the orthographic and phonological contribution of visually masked primes to reading aloud in Dutch. Although there is a relatively clear mapping between spelling and sound of words in Dutch, words starting with the letter are ambiguous as to whether they begin with the phoneme /s/ (e.g., FLWURHQ ‘lemon’) or with the phoneme /k/ (e.g., FRPSORW ‘conspiracy’). Therefore...

from among the arabic alphabet, hamza is the only vowel with four orthographic variations of (alone), (above a w?w), (above and under an ‘alif) and (above a dotless y?). such an orthographic variation for hamza has caused spelling problems for writers mainly those who write in both arabic and persian. the present article is to reach the following objectives: 1. introducing the right orthography...

Over the past two decades, Silesian literature has been written in eleven different types of orthography, most important which are classical, neo-Steuer and “slabikŏrzowa” orthographies. Other orthographic proposals, e.g. by D. Dyrda, B. Kallus, P. Kalinowski, H. Kaluza, R. Wencel, did not become popular were abandoned rather quickly. As a result, contemporary was dominated “ślabikŏrzowa” spell...

This paper describes a powerful pseudo-syllabic paradigm for improving the efficiency of typing in languages with transparent orthography (i.e., languages with highly regular correspondence of orthography and phonetics). By adopting a novel orthogonal framework, keyboards are defined as 2-D regular arrays of keys. Non-expert users can fast and intuitively input any possible combination of pseud...