Multi-scale heterogeneity of geological formations is a rule, which consists of random (local-scale) and systematic (large-scale) variability of hydraulic conductivity. The random variability and depth–decaying trend, a systematic variability, have different effects on subsurface flow, thus on groundwater discharge into tunnels. Little research has examined this problem in the past. Using Monte...

Crystalline ZrTiO4 (ZTO) in orthorhombic phase with different plasma treatments was explored as the charge-trapping layer for low-voltage operation flash memory. For ZTO without any plasma treatment, even with a high k value of 45.2, it almost cannot store charges due the oxygen vacancies-induced shallow-level traps that make charges easy to tunnel back to Si substrate. With CF4 plasma treatmen...

Nowadays deep excavations are needed for construction of foundation of high rise buildings, providing space for parking and etc. In some cases deep excavations may be constructed in the vicinity of the subway tunnels and causes unpredicted extra displacements and internal forces in tunnel lining of tunnels which were not designed for them and consequently affect serviceability of tunnel. Theref...

We operated on 16 patients for ulnar neuropathy associated with osteoarthritis of the elbow. They were all male manual workers, with an average age of 51 years at the time of surgery. The severity of the symptoms was McGowan grade 1 in five patients, grade 2 in nine and grade 3 in two. The mean follow-up was 36 months. The operation consists of resecting the osteophytes around the postcondylar ...

This study determines the mean and fluctuating pressures for flow through a rectangular shallow cavity (ratio between length depth = 2.43, 4.43, 6.14; ratio width 0.5, 1.0, 2.0) at Mach number of 0.64 in blowdown transonic wind tunnel. A amplitude modulation analysis is used post-processing pressure signals. The spectral (wavelet) shows intermittent behavior discrete Rossiter–Heller modes. corr...

To solve the technical problems of slow construction progress, low mechanization and high risk shallow buried large cross-section tunnels in a complex urban environment, series spatial reticulated shell (SRS) support structures are developed this paper. Moreover, equipment multifunctional operation trolley is to install SRS arch, technology system prefabricated structure proposed for tunnel. Th...

Day by day the call to solve traffic congestion problems is increasing. Subway tunnels and high-speed railway are commonly used for transportation. Therefore, tunnel construction induces soil movement, which in turn affects stability integrity of adjacent existing buildings. A series numerical simulations have been established investigate effects Greater Cairo Metro–Line 3-Phase-1 on pile cap f...

The face stability of shallow tunnels was investigated with small-scale model experiments at single gravity. Aim of the research was to detect the evolution of failure mechanisms in dense and loose soil samples with varying overburden above the tunnel. Moreover, the quality of proposed theoretical/numerical approaches for the determination of a necessary support pressure pf was assessed. The re...

Tunnel excavation inevitably causes surface deformation. In urban areas, deformation could lead to the of surrounding buildings, which may cause damage communities when accumulated a certain extent. However, current construction organization and management mainly rely on on-site measurements, there is still lack reliable prediction methods. Here, we proposed an effective evaluation method for f...