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PURPOSE OF REVIEW Shock-wave lithotripsy has been the mainstay of urinary-stone treatment over the past 20 years, with three generations of lithotripters now in the market place. Little improvement, however, has been made in the overall efficiency, since the original Dornier HM3 lithotripter. Over the past 5 years much progress has been made in the basic research of shock-wave lithotripsy, with...

The formation of a shock wave in one-dimensional granular gases is considered, for both the dry and the wet cases, and the results are compared with the analytical shock wave solution in a sticky gas. Numerical simulations show that the behavior of the shock wave in both cases tends asymptotically to the sticky limit. In the inelastic gas (dry case) there is a very close correspondence to the s...

We investigate experimentally the causes of jet plume instability and enhanced mixing observed in the exhaust of shock-containing convergent-divergent nozzles. Key features of the internal flow are the separation shock, separation shear layers, and pattern of alternating expansion and compression waves downstream of the shock. We focus on two possible reasons for this instability—the motion of ...

Stress-wave profiles in vitreous GeO2 induced by planar and spherical projectile impact were measured using piezoresistance gauges in the 4 to 18 GPa shock pressure range. The planar experiments demonstrate the response of vitreous GeO2 . This response can be divided into three regimes: ~1! An elastic shock regime with ramp 4 GPa Hugoniot elastic limit ~HEL! precursor. Shock propagation velocit...

Experiments are conducted in a shock tube to study the shock loading of a cylinder and a cylinder bank. The experiments model the loading of the cooling tubes in an inertial confinement fusion reactor where banks of tubes line the reaction chamber. The diffraction of the shock wave is visualized using shadowgraphy. Shock loading of the cylinder(s) is measured with flush mounted piezoelectric pr...

We review observations of extended regions of radio emission in clusters; these include diffuse emission in 'relics', and the large central regions commonly referred to as 'halos'. The spectral observations, as well as Faraday rotation measurements of background and cluster radio sources, provide the main evidence for large-scale intracluster magnetic fields and significant densities of relativ...

The dust explosion prevention in mines and dusted industries has been an important issue for years. During this time, many experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out. Nevertheless, up to now nobody can declare that all the mechanisms are clear and the comprehensive mathematical model is constructed taking into account all the details of this complicated process. The gas-d...

Examining the notion of wavefunction collapse (WFC) in quantum measurements , which came again to be in question in the recent debate on the quantum Zeno effect, we remark that WFC is realized only through decoherence among branch waves by detection, after a spectral decomposition process from an initial object wavefunction to a superposition of branch waves corresponding to relevant measuremen...

The infl uence of NSAIDS on experimental intestinal anastomosis. Dis Colon Rectum 1991;34:236-43. 10. Brennan SS, Foster ME, Morgan A, et al. Prostaglandins in colonic anastomotic healing. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:723-5. 11. Wang CJ. An Overview of Shock Wave Therapy in Musculoskeletal Disorders. Chang Gung Med J 2003;26:220-32. 12. Nishida T, Shimokawa H, Oi K, et al. Extracorporeal cardiac sh...