Gillich et al. [1] report on an excellent transplant success rate of 77 kidney grafts performed over a 10-year period, using cadaver donor organs that were obtained and transplanted locally, without taking HLA matching into consideration. They hypothesize that the good result was due to the fact that the kidneys were not exposed to prolonged ischaemic preservation. Paired kidneys that were ship...

A major opportunity for NLP to have a realworld impact is in helping educators score student writing, particularly content-based writing (i.e., the task of automated short answer scoring). A major challenge in this enterprise is that scored responses to a particular question (i.e., labeled data) are valuable for modeling but limited in quantity. Additional information from the scoring guideline...

Automated short answer scoring is increasingly used to give students timely feedback about their learning progress. Building scoring models comes with high costs, as stateof-the-art methods using supervised learning require large amounts of hand-annotated data. We analyze the potential of recently proposed methods for semi-supervised learning based on clustering. We find that all examined metho...

In this paper, we explore text similarity techniques for the task of automatic short answer scoring in Arabic language. We compare a number of string-based and corpus-based similarity measures, evaluate the effect of combining these measures, handle student’s answers holistically and partially, provide immediate useful feedback to student and also introduce a new benchmark Arabic data set that ...

Research Methods Tutor is a new intelligent tutoring system created by porting the existing implementation of the AutoTutor system to a new domain, Research Methods in Behavioural Sciences, which allows more interactive dialogues. The procedure of porting allowed for an evaluation of the domain independence of the AutoTutor framework and for the identification of domain related requirements. Sp...

Automatic scoring of short text responses to educational assessment items is a challenging task, particularly because large amounts of labeled data (i.e., human-scored responses) may or may not be available due to the variety of possible questions and topics. As such, it seems desirable to integrate various approaches, making use of model answers from experts (e.g., to give higher scores to res...

One challenge in making online education more effective is to develop automatic grading software that can provide meaningful feedback. This paper provides a solution to automatic grading of the standard computation-theory problem that asks a student to construct a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) from the given description of its language. We focus on how to assign partial grades for incorr...

A summary is a short clear description that gives the main facts or ideas about something. Summaries are widely used in traditional teaching as an educational diagnostic strategy to infer comprehension, or how much information from text is retained in memory. From its early beginning Computer Supported Learning Systems research has faced open-ended learners’ response evaluation. Global summary ...

Introduction: We evaluated the effects of implementing Team-Based Learning (TBL) on student engagement, accountability,satisfaction, and preference for lecture or team-based learning.Moreover, we assessed the effect of TBL on knowledge retentionand application over time through short answer questions based onclinical scenarios addressing history taking and diagnosis skills inmedical students.Me...

In this study, we applied natural language processing (NLP) techniques, within an educational environment, to evaluate their usefulness for automated assessment of students’ conceptual understanding from short answer responses. Assessing provides insight into and feedback on understanding, which is often overlooked in grading. Students educators benefit formative assessment, especially online e...