The fault level represents the maximum short circuit current that a power system causes to flow to the point of short circuit. Due to change of network configuration, the fault level at any point of the power system network changes accordingly. It is not practical to apply full short circuit on the system in order to determine the fault level. This paper describes scheme for continuous measurin...

The gradual expansion of power transmission networks leads to an increase in short-circuit current (SCC), which has impact on the secure operation when SCC exceeds interrupting capacity circuit breakers. In this regard, optimal switching (OTS) is proposed reduce while maximizing loadability with respect voltage stability. However, OTS model a complex combinatorial optimization problem binary de...

In this paper, we propose a novel method to improve the circuit simulation accuracy of insulated-gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) power devices under short-circuit state. To determine IGBT junction temperature, transient thermal resistance an device on order micro seconds is estimated by simulations. The saturation current without self-heating effects based test and resistance. SPICE parameter ex...

AbstructIGBT’s are available with short-circuit withstand times approaching those of bipolar transistors. These IGBT’s can therefore be protected by the same relatively slow-acting circuitry. The more efficient IGBT’s, however, have lower shortcircuit withstand times. While protection of these types of IGBT’s is not difficult, it does require a reassessment of the traditional protection methods...

Third generation (3G) packet switched WCDMA networks with high-speed downlink packet access (HSPDA) are currently being deployed worldwide to provide wireless broadband connectivity. When introducing HSDPA in 3G networks the end user experience and system capacity with voice over IP applications improve considerably. When later on adding also high-speed packet uplink access (HSUPA), the system ...

In planning the installation of solar panels at a location, it is necessary to have irradiance data that location. Solar obtained through direct measurements using meter. measuring instruments usually use one three types sensors, including thermopile (pyranometer), cells, or photodiodes. Each has advantages and disadvantages. The cell sensors are they faster response sunlight, more in line with...

An analytical model of an amorphous silicon p-i-n solar cell is presented to describe its photovoltaic behavior under short-circuit conditions. It has been developed from the analysis of numerical simulation results. These results reproduce the experimental illumination dependence of short-circuit resistance, which is the reciprocal slope of the I(V) curve at the short-circuit point. The recomb...

temperature profile determination in soils under adverse conditions of variable heat capacity and conductivity is a rather hard task. the heat capacity and conductivity are moisture dependent and both vary with the soil density. moisture movement on the other hand is temperature dependent and so the two interact. no single mathematical formulae as yet exists for anticipating the temperature dis...

This paper presents a parametric low differential order model, suitable for mathematically analysis for Induction Machines with faulty stator. An adaptive Kalman filter is proposed for recursively estimating the states and parameters of continuous–time model with discrete measurements for fault detection ends. Typical motor faults as interturn short circuit and increased winding resistance ...