To characterize and interpret arterial spin labeling (ASL) reactive hyperemia of calf muscles for a better understanding of the microcirculation in peripheral arterial disease (PAD), we present a physiological model incorporating oxygen transport, tissue metabolism, and vascular regulation mechanisms. The model demonstrated distinct effects between arterial stenoses and microvascular dysfunctio...

Correlative studies of cortical blood flow measured by the Kr washout technique and observations of the cortical blood vessels of 10 squirrel monkeys subjected to temporary occlusion of the middle cerebral artery are described. During occlusion, cortical blood flow in core areas of ischemia decreased to 0.12 to 0.90 ml/g/min (20 to 50% of preocclusion values) and became pressure dependent with ...

To the Editor: We read with great interest Dr Huang’s study, published in Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.1 We are in total agreement with the authors about the clinical relevance in the perioperative setting of the hyperemic flow velocity, measured by brachial artery Doppler ultrasound. Dr Huang suggests that reactive hyperemia increases the accuracy of the noninvasive vascu...

Arterial flow and oxygen extraction were continuously measured from an in situ, denervated loop of cat ileum. Following release of arterial occlusion of varying time periods, oxygen extraction decreased transiently, returning to control levels as the hyperemia subsided. These results suggest that the hyperemia overcompensates in attempting to repay the oxygen deficit and, consequently, oxygen e...

In pentobrabital-anesthetized open chest dogs, myocardial adenosine content is elevated by 5 or 15 seconds of left coronary artery occlusion and falls exponentially to control levels during reactive hyperemia. The rate constants for adenosine dissipation are (mean +/- SEM): -0.08 +/- 0.01 and -0.034 +/- 0.007 sec-1 after 5- and 15-second occlusion, respectively. Kinetic analysis of the reactive...

Skeletal muscle arterioles from obese Zucker rats (OZR) exhibit oxidant stress-based alterations in reactivity, enhanced alpha-adrenergic constriction, and reduced distensibility vs. microvessels of lean Zucker rats (LZR). The present study determined the impact of these alterations for perfusion and performance of in situ skeletal muscle during periods of elevated metabolic demand. During bout...

The clinical importance of vascular reactivity as an early marker of atherosclerosis has been well established, and a number of established and emerging techniques have been employed to provide measurements of peripheral vascular reactivity. However, relations between these methodologies are unclear as each technique evaluates different physiological aspects related to micro- and macrovascular ...

BACKGROUND In randomized, controlled trials of open-angle glaucoma (OAG) or ocular hypertension (OHT), bimatoprost 0.01 % improved tolerability while retaining the intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering efficacy of bimatoprost 0.03 %. Given geographic/racial differences in glaucoma presentation, the APPEAL study assessed the occurrence and severity of hyperemia produced by bimatoprost 0.01 %, and ...

3450 bovine from different breeds and ages were clinically examined for the presence of arthritis. 120 cases showed macroscopic evidences of arthritis. Mycoplasma spp were isolated from synovial fluid of 21 affected animals. In addition to Mycoplasma spp. Arcanobacterium pyogenes and Staphylococcus epidermidis were isolated from 2 cases. The synovial fluid was markedly increased, straw color, t...