Social capital is a relatively new concept in the social sciences and is one of the most important challenges of new era in a way that based on experts’ comments, the solution for all the problems of today’s modern world is social capital. To this end, one of the problems that managers of organizations particularly; service and manufacturing organizations have faced with today is lack of trust ...

many reports that appeared during the last 20 years have shown that atmospheric pollution causes serious damage to human health and to environment. electricity generation from fuel fossil is one of the major sources of pollution and considerable share of this damage. the price of electricity in iran, as in many other countries also, includes only the production of private costs and ignores any ...

introduction agricultural research is important and one of the determinant factors of development of technologies in agricultural sector. among agricultural research disciplines, breeding programs, especially, wheat breeding programs are one of the applied approaches in improving of production and food security. based on a study by byerlee & traxler (1995), economic benefits and internal rate o...

pedestrian areas are a type of urban public space, nowadays because of the serious consequencesof car-dependency and ignoring pedestrian needs, a consensus on the importance of walking and the necessity forplanning for pedestrians movement has been formed among urban designers, planners and people. the concernsabout human health and movement in city create a new trend in contemporary urbanism, ...

disasters can cause many casualties and considerable destruction mainly because of ineffective preventive measures, incomplete preparedness, and weak relief logistics systems. after catastrophic events happen, quick and effective response is of great importance, so as to having an efficient logistic plan for distributing needed relief commodities efficiently and fairly among affected people. in...

Objective: To summarize results of studies that estimate the social costs of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug abuse in Russia. The purpose of these studies was to inform policymakers about the real economic burden of risky behaviors and to provide conditions for evidencebased and well-informed decision making in this area. Methods: The cost-of-illness method was applied to estimate the social...

This paper discusses the design, implementation and use of standards from the perspective of transaction costs economics. A proper design and implementation of standards may lead to a considerable reduction of transaction costs, which enhances trade and, consequently, economic welfare. A major example is the use of containers, which has drastically changed the worldwide transport infrastructure...