Significant progress has been made in the understanding of the underlying cancer biology of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) with the androgen receptor (AR) signalling pathway remaining implicated throughout the prostate cancer disease continuum. Reactivation of the AR signalling pathway is considered to be a key driver of CRPC progression and, as such, the AR is a logical target for...

An experiment examined the effects of visual signalling to relevant information in multiple external representations and the visual presence of an animated pedagogical agent (APA). Students learned electric circuit analysis using a computer-based learning environment that included Cartesian graphs, equations and electric circuit diagrams. The experiment was a 2 (visual signalling, no visual sig...

Wnt/β-catenin signalling plays essential roles in embryonic development as well as tissue homoeostasis in adults. Thus abnormal regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling is linked to a variety of human diseases, including cancer, osteoporosis and Alzheimer's disease. Owing to the importance of Wnt signalling in a wide range of biological fields, a better understanding of its precise mechanisms cou...

It is by now well-recognised that the na\"ive application of projection postulate on composite quantum systems can induce signalling between their constituent components, indicative a breakdown causality in relativistic spacetime context. Here we introduce necessary and sufficient condition for an ideal measurement observable to be non-signalling. As well as being particularly simple, it genera...

The QoS signalling across multiple domains is an open issue: in this paper we propose a QoS interdomain signalling solution for SIP-based multimedia sessions. Our solution refers to a signalling architecture proposed by ETSI in which the interdomain QoS signalling flows on the application layer along with the session signalling. In our solution we extend the precondition set attributes defined ...

This paper describes the prototype and tests carried out to demonstrate feasibility of implementing 4G/5G systems based on mobile network operators (MNOs) transmit signalling critical data for railway as part a possible solution Future Railway Mobile Communication System (FRMCS). communication system design is performed from protocol-stack perspective, introducing KPIs physical layer (RSRP, RSR...

We assume that parents use the signalling intensity of their young to determine how much food they bring to the nest, and that the pattern of food allocation is determined by the signalling intensity and by the intensity of other nonsignalling behaviours that are not perceived by the parents. We explore different ways in which signalling, nonsignalling behaviours and competitive asymmetries mig...

Wnt proteins control diverse biological processes through β-catenin-dependent canonical signalling and β-catenin-independent non-canonical signalling. The mechanisms by which these signalling pathways are differentially triggered and controlled are not fully understood. Dishevelled (Dvl) is a scaffold protein that serves as the branch point of these pathways. Here, we show that cholesterol sele...

The Hedgehog signalling pathway is evolutionarily highly conserved and essential for embryonic development of invertebrates and vertebrates. Consequently, impaired Hedgehog signalling results in very severe human diseases, ranging from holoprosencephaly to Pallister-Hall syndrome. Due to this great importance for human health, the focus of numerous research groups is placed on the investigation...