the purpose of the present study was to see which one of the two instruction-processing instruction (pi) and meaningful output based instruction (mobi) accompanied with prompt and recast- is more effective on efl learners’ writing accuracy. in order to homogenize the participants in term of language proficiency a preliminary english test (pet) was administrated between 74 intermediate students ...

the present study aimed to investigate representation of discourse markers and metadiscourse markers in conversations and readings of general elt coursebook series used in the language centers of iran. to this aim, four elt coursebooks popularly taught in language centers of this country were analyzed based on fung and carter’s (2007) framework regarding discourse markers and hyland’s (2005) fr...

appraisal is a basic operation before selecting archives. since, state organizations produce large amount of records, parts of which are maintained in archive's repositories, its necessary to set up storage systems, based on records' life cycle, as well as archive's procedures and standards. one can define appraisal as a subject analysis of records in order to determine retention...

commenting on intelligent monitoring of electronic records in digital era is an objective of the article. since electronic records could not be accessed directly, their control maintains a signifi­cant status in current information age. there are two approaches in definition and systematizing records keeping, which hold crucial importance in ensuring credibility, accessability, and percep­tion ...

since the 1960s the age effects on learning both first and second language have been explored by many linguists and applied linguists (e.g lennerberg, 1967; schachter, 1996; long, 1990) and the existence of critical period for language acquisition was found to be a common ground of all these studies. in spite of some common findings, some issues about the impacts of age on acquiring a second or...