Multiple choice tests are widely applied to assess students’ knowledge in science education. This study aimed at assessing the validity and reliability of Science Multiple-choice Test Malaysia. The items for this test were formulated by researcher together with a panel teachers head department close reference Secondary School Standard Curriculum (KSSM) syllabus. consists 50 multiple-choice four...

Recent empirical studies have found that travellers route choices deviate from perfect rationality, showing urban trips do not necessary follow the shortest-time routes. However, there is no consent on how much travellers’ choice behaviour deviates rational assumption. The objective of this study to contribute understanding process travel time when making choices, and quantify what extent users...

For a large class of additive random utility discrete choice models with income effects, we compute the probability distribution of the compensating variation. We show that the cumulative distribution function only depends on the choice probabilities. Our results are used to compute the distribution of equivalent variation. The moments of the compensating variation are a onedimensional integral...

Millions of people living in rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa supplement earnings from subsistence farming by operating microenterprises or by working as day laborers. However, little is known about how people choose which of these additional incomegenerating activities to do, and, in particular, to what extent market imperfections affect this choice and contribute to inefficiencies in product...