The purpose of this study is to understand the nonlinear dynamics of longitudinal ground vehicle traction. Specifically, single-wheel models of rubber-tired automobiles under straight-ahead braking and acceleration conditions are investigated in detail. Customarily, the forward vehicle speed and the rotational rate of the tire/wheel are taken as dynamic states. This paper motivates an alternati...

We study the problem of minimizing total latency in machine scheduling with deliveries, which is defined as follows. There is a set of n jobs to be processed by a single machine at a plant, where job Ji is associated with its processing time and a customer i located at location i to which the job is to be delivered. In addition, there is a single uncapacitated delivery vehicle available. All jo...

This study investigates the impact of multiple in-vehicle information systems on the driver. It was undertaken using a high fidelity driving simulator. The participants experienced, paced and unpaced single tasks, multiple secondary tasks and an equal period of 'normal' driving. Results indicate that the interaction with secondary tasks led to significant compensatory speed reductions. Multiple...

The single-vehicle cyclic inventory routing problem (SV-CIRP) is concerned with a repeated distribution of a product from a single depot to a selected subset of retailers having stable demands. The objective is to determine the subset of retailers to cyclically replenish, the quantities to be delivered to each, and to design the vehicle routes so that the expected total distribution and invento...

with the aim of reducing cost of electricity consumption and peak load reduction, tools requirement for better managing electricity consumption have become inevitable in recent years. smart home has some equipment which are controllable and this ability is used for increasing comfort and minimizing electricity cost for residence. as a key component of smart home , electric vehicle(ev) ,increase...

nowadays, the use of small vehicles is spreading among urban areas and one sort of these vehicles are three-wheeled vehicles (twvs) which can be competitive with four-wheeled urban vehicles (fwvs) in aspects such as smallness, simple manufacturing, and low tire rolling resistance, fuel consumption and so on. the most critical instability associated with twvs is the roll over. in this paper a ti...

A hybrid-electric vehicle powertrain architecture consists of single or multiple driving modes, i.e., connection arrangements among engine, motors and vehicle output shaft that determine distribution of power. While most architecture development work to date has focused primarily on passenger cars, interest has been growing in exploring architectures for special-purpose vehicles such as vans or...

Vehicle routing problem is a NP-hard problem in combination optimization problem, It is influenced by many factors, and the process is complex. However, the search space of particle swarm algorithm is limited and prone to precocious phenomenon. In this paper, we based on the original particle swarm optimization, present a new way of location update algorithm (VPSO).VPSO in the process of solvin...

Background: A majority of people widely use acetaminophen as a sedative. Overusing the drug for prolonged periods of time can lead to acute liver damage. Mumijo, as a strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory drug, could possibly reduce some of the acetaminophen-induced side effects on the liver. Thus, the aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of Mumijo on the liver damage...

Automatic vehicle detectors are now common on road systems across the world. Many of these detectors are based on single inductive loops, from which data on traffic volumes (i.e. vehicle counts) and occupancy (i.e. proportion of time during which the loop is occupied) are available for 20 or 30 second observational periods. However, for the purposes of traffic management it is frequently useful...