Rule k (k=1,2,3,...) is a well known family of approximation algorithms that can be used to find connected dominating sets in a graph. They were originally proposed by Dai, Li, and Wu as the basis for efficient routing methods for ad hoc wireless networks. In this paper we study the asymptotic performance of Rules 1 and 2 on random unit disk graphs formed from n random points in an `n × `n squa...

An algorithm for image noise-removal based on local adaptive window size ¿ltering is developed in this paper. Two features to use into local spatial/transform-domain ¿ltering are suggested. First, ¿ltering is performed on images corrupted not only by additive white noise, but also by imagedependent (e.g. ¿lm-grain noise) or multiplicative noise. Second, used transforms are equipped with a varyi...

Many ectotherms show a decrease in body size with increasing latitude due to changes in climate, a pattern termed converse Bergmann's rule. Urban conditions-particularly warmer temperatures and fragmented landscapes-may impose stresses on development that could disrupt these body size patterns. To test the impact of urbanization on development and latitudinal trends in body size, we launched a ...

This note proposes a very simple “Rule of Thumb” for determining how many precincts to audit in a postelection audit. This rule says to audit

The energetic equivalence rule states that population-level metabolic rate is independent of average body size. This rule has been both supported and refuted by allometric studies of abundance and individual metabolic rate, but no study, to my knowledge, has tested the rule with direct measurements of whole-population metabolic rate. Here, I find a positive scaling of whole-colony metabolic rat...

The reasoning should tackle big data issues like other domains as the size of ontology grows bigger and bigger. Especially, rule-based reasoning should overcome the following challenges: duplicate elimination and rule matching efficiency. To deal with these challenges, we introduce a new rulebased reasoning method which materializes each generic instance rule into several schema-specific instan...

Causes of macroevolutionary trends in body size, such as Cope's Rule, the tendency of body size to increase over time, remain poorly understood. We used size measurements from Cenozoic populations of the ostracode genus Poseidonamicus, in conjunction with phylogeny and paleotemperature estimates, to show that climatic cooling leads to significant increases in body size, both overall and within ...