This paper presents factors in designing a system for automatically skimming text documents in response to a question. The system will take a potentially complex question and a single document and return a Web page containing links to text related to the question. The goal is that these text areas be those that visual readers would spend the most time on when skimming for the answer to a questi...

A recent description and analysis of an imprint fossil from the Carboniferous concluded that it was made by a mayfly landing in sediment at the edge of water. Here, I reanalyze that trace fossil and supply experimental evidence regarding wing traces and behavior. The thorax of the trace maker lacked structures characteristic of mayflies, but closely matches a modern neopteran insect family (Tae...

Abstract Employment agencies aim to match individuals appropriate jobs. There are public and private employment agencies, which co-exist in many countries. Selection effects may be relevant the sense that potentially engage ‘cream-skimming’ by prioritizing highly qualified workers. The resulting job quality is also important from an individual, a firm, society perspective. We examine selection ...

Distribution of flow and red cells between the efferent (epibranchial) and venous pathways was examined with an isolated perfused gill adapted to collect the two effluents separately. Gills from two fish species (Ictalurids) with abundant prelamellar arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs) were compared with those of the trout which contain few AVAs. The gills were perfused with Ringer or Ringer conta...

We discuss the existence of a pooling equilibrium in a two-period model of an insurance market with asymmetric information. We solve the model numerically. We pay particular attention to the reasons for non-existence in cases where no pooling equilibrium exists. In addition to the phenomenon of cream skimming emphasized in earlier literature, we here point to the the importance of the opposite:...

The presence of voluntary deductibles in the Swiss and Dutch mandatory health insurance has important implications for the respective risk equalization systems. In a theoretical analysis, we discuss the consequences of equalizing three types of expenditures: the net claims that are reimbursed by the insurer, the out-of-pocket expenditures and the expenditure savings due to moral hazard reductio...

Data fusion methods commonly use and compare all the documents returned by multiple retrieval systems to create a new result list. On the one hand, as documents further down in the result lists are considered, a document’s probability of being relevant decreases significantly. On the other hand, retrieval systems tend to find similar relevant documents when searching the same database, but they...