The computation of boundary-layer properties and laminar-to-turbulent transition location is a complex problem generally not undertaken in the context of aircraft design. Yet this is just what must be done if an aircraft designer is to exploit the advantages of laminar flow while making the proper trade-offs between inviscid drag, structural weight and skin friction. To facilitate this process,...

The aim of this study was to compare the swimming hydrodynamics assessed with experimental and analytical procedures, as well as, to learn about the relative contributions of the friction drag and pressure drag to total passive drag. Sixty young talented swimmers (30 boys and 30 girls with 13.59±0.77 and 12.61±0.07 years-old, respectively) were assessed. Passive drag was assessed with inverse d...

PREMISE OF THE STUDY Intertidal macroalgae must resist extreme hydrodynamic forces imposed by crashing waves. How does frond flexibility mitigate drag, and how does flexibility affect predictions of drag and dislodgement in the field? METHODS We characterized flexible reconfiguration of six seaweed species in a recirculating water flume, documenting both shape change and area reduction as fro...

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The swordfish is reputedly the fastest swimmer on Earth. The concave head and iconic sword are unique characteristics, but how they contribute to its speed is still unknown. Recent computed tomography scans revealed a poorly mineralised area near the base of the rostrum. Here we report, using magnetic resonance imaging and electron microscopy scanning, the discovery of a complex organ consistin...

This study investigates the effects of boundary layer combustion on skin friction reduction in a model scramjet combustor. The 4-equation RANS (Transition SST model) is employed as turbulence and one experimental case which involves supersonic turbulent used for validating numerical simulation method. Then wall jet device can be to inject hydrogen into designed added lower combustor engine. res...