Changing the aspect-ratio (scale) of a graphical plot significantly affects the "messages" getting across to a viewer. This is true also for curvature plots and other graphs currently used in Curve & Surface Modeling to evaluate fairness. In particular, the sharp corners appearing in such graphs, employed as local.fairness indicators by current practices, are significantly affected by nonunifor...

ABSTRACT: Digital terrain models (DTM) have become a commonly used source of data describing the shape of the Earth. Resolution determines the level of details that can be represented in this model. Changing the resolution influences the accuracy of the DTM. The effect of a resolution is even more clearly seen in slope and aspect calculation. Despite the resolution, there are different methods ...

this research investigates the vegetation of 4600 ha of polour semi-steppe rangelands in relation to edaphic and physiographical parameters in mazandaran province. for this purpose, 23 land units were selected from overlaying slope, aspect and elevation maps using geographic information system (gis). within each unit, 3 parallel transects with 100 m length, each containing 10 quadrates (accordi...

due to the different factors and complexity of their effects on healthy and sustainability of urban forest, this study has been tried by means of determining effective factors in ecosystem, and dividing sorkhe hesar man made forest park to homogeneous units according to natural factors (slope, aspect, high, soil depth, mixture and pure planting system) and human factors (amount of irrigation an...

We examine numerically the conversion of barotropic tidal energy into internal waves by flow over an isolated seamount and over systems of periodically and randomly distributed 1100 m tall seamounts with Gaussian profiles. The simulations use the Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model (MITgcm) to calculate for an infinitely deep ocean the dependence of the energy conver...

We investigate experimentally whether self-organized criticality (SOC) occurs in granular piles composed of different grains, namely, rice, lentils, quinoa, and mung beans. These four grains were selected to have different aspect ratios, from oblong to oblate. As a function of aspect ratio, we determined the growth (β) and roughness (α) exponents, the avalanche fractal dimension (D), the avalan...

Long-time high-resolution simulations of the dynamics of a coronal loop in cartesian geometry are carried out, within the framework of reduced magnetohydrodynamics (RMHD), to understand coronal heating driven by motion of field lines anchored in the photosphere. We unambiguously identify MHD anisotropic turbulence as the physical mechanism responsible for the transport of energy from the large ...

Entrainment of underlying debris by geophysical flows can significantly increase the flow deposit extent. To study this phenomenon, analog laboratory experiments have been conducted on granular column collapse over an inclined channel with and without an erodible bed made of similar granular material. Results show that for slope angles below a critical value θc, between 10◦ and 16◦, the run out...

Knowledge of altitudinal patterns in soil C, N and P distribution is important for understanding biogeochemical processes mountainous forests, yet the influence slope aspects on stoichiometry has been largely neglected previous studies. In this paper, a total number 150 topsoil samples at four altitudes (3700, 3900, 4100, 4380 m a.s.l.) sunny shady slopes Sygera mountains Southeastern Tibet wer...

A study is presented to examine the one-horizontal dimension effect of a shallow shelf obstacle on nonlinear long wave runup. Due to the large horizontal-vertical aspect ratio of this problem, it is not well suited for experimental analysis, and therefore this study is purely numerical. Simulations are performed for various incident wave conditions, obstacle height and widths, and final beach s...