The paper presents simulation results of the cascade control of a continuous stirred tank reactor. The control is performed in primary and secondary control-loops where the primary controlled output of the reactor is the concentration of a desired reaction product, and, the secondary output is the reactant temperature. A common control input is the coolant flow rate. The controller in the prima...

A decade after Romesburg admonished wildlife biologists to establish and test hypotheses to gain more "reliable knowledge," we have added an incentive to bring rigor to our science. Wildlife biologists are finding themselves defending their science against often savage criticism. At least 2 factors are central to producing solid, defendable science: (1) the rigorous application of scientific me...

This volume is a fine example of contemporary early modern studies. Topped and tailed by the editors' Introduction Paul Hammond's Afterword on disenchantment monarchy, these sixteen substantial essays new old hands from number disciplines illuminate Stuart monarchy between “succession crisis” 1590s Queen Anne's coronation in 1702. Professors Kewes McRae rightly proclaim novelty their subject, “...

Skin prick test activity and antigenicity of extracts of in vitro growth of the Basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) were compared to extracts of spores from PO growing in the wild. Patients demonstrated significant differences in skin test reactivity to the PO extracts. Some reacted only to in vitro growth extracts, others only to the spore extracts and 1 patient to all extracts. Further stu...

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s of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Migraine Headache In 2003, Blumenfeld (32) reported on the efficacy of BT-A in reducing headache frequency and intensity in a retrospective, open-label analysis that included 271 patients. All participants had disabling, chronic migraine. BT-A was administered at an average, fixed dose of 63.2 U either at a fixed site or in a pattern that followed the pain. A resp...

This dietary guidance, informed by best contemporary evidence, aims to assist medical practitioners and allied health professionals in advising patients for the primary secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD). While differing some details from other current guidelines, core messages accord with those published 2019 American College Cardiology/American Heart Association European Soc...

Emotional experiences of music are notably difficult to describe and have resisted philosophical and psychological as well as vernacular explanation. This essay uses a new departure by taking an ethological approach to questions of musical experience—i.e., treating music as a behavior that evolved in ancestral humans because it contributed to their survival and reproductive success. In particul...

In their article "Perspectives on Video Games as Art" Jeroen Bourgonjon, Geert Vndermeersche, and Kris Rutten engage in discussing whether or not video games can be considered a form of art. Although this question has already been discussed elaborately, the debate is guided by many different and often conflicting positions. The aim of this article is to revisit this debate by mapping out a rang...

Current sociobiology is in theoretical disarray, with a diversity of frameworks that are poorly related to each other. Part of the problem is a reluctance to revisit the pivotal events that took place during the 1960s, including the rejection of group selection and the development of alternative theoretical frameworks to explain the evolution of cooperative and altruistic behaviors. In this art...