The conceptualization of the notion of a system in systems engineering, as exemplified in, for instance, the engineering standard IEEE Std 1220-1998, is problematic when applied to the design of socio-technical systems. This is argued using Intelligent Transportation Systems as an example. A preliminary conceptualization of socio-technical systems is introduced which includes technical and soci...

This article argues against the assumption that agency and reflexivity disappear in an age of 'algorithmic power' (Lash 2007). Following the suggestions of Beer (2009), it proposes that, far from disappearing, new forms of agency and reflexivity around the embedding in everyday practice of not only algorithms but also analytics more broadly are emerging, as social actors continue to pursue thei...

The crucial role of biodiversity in the links between ecosystems and societies has been repeatedly highlighted both as source of wellbeing and as a target of human actions, but not all aspects of biodiversity are equally important to different ecosystem services. Similarly, different social actors have different perceptions of and access to ecosystem services, and therefore, they have different...

This article examines the role of actors in a Social Network Sites and also the triggers and challenges they represent to social networking between today’s communities and businesses. A Social Network Sites is the product of the evolution of social liaisons and the emergence of online communities of people who are interested in exploring the concerns and activities of others. A social network i...

Network models are widely used to represent relations between interacting units or actors. Network data often exhibit transitivity, meaning that two actors that have ties to a third actor are more likely to be tied than actors that do not, homophily by attributes of the actors or dyads, and clustering. Interest often focuses on finding clusters of actors or ties, and the number of groups in the...

Research on social capital has found that individuals who access resources through social relations gain competitive advantage and systems with high levels or desirable distributions of social capital are more effective. These effects depend on actors allocating resources to others in their social system at-large instead of to others with whom they share specific social relationships. It is hyp...

Network models are widely used to represent relational information among interacting units. In studies of social networks, recent emphasis has been placed on random graph models where the nodes usually represent individual social actors and the edges represent the presence of a speciŽ ed relation between actors. We develop a class of models where the probability of a relation between actors dep...

Abstract The concept of a “social network” has become popular term thanks to online tools such as Facebook or Twitter, allowing us connect with everyone. Specific archaeology, social network analysis (SNA) is well established method, but its theoretical application in maritime archaeology an incipient initiative. This paper presents the use SNA potential instrument reinterpret underwater sites ...