This paper juxtaposes changes over the last forty years in income growth and distribution with the mortality changes recorded at the aggregate level in about 170 countries and at the individual level in 26 countries with at least two demographic and health surveys covering the last twenty years. Over the 1980s and 1990s, the infant mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, and life expectancy at ...

Background & aim:  Gender roles are affected by biosocial and cultural factors. These roles have significant impacts on one’s professional, social, and family life. Therefore, given the recent changes in gender roles in Iran, we aimed to determine the relationship between demographic factors and gender role attitudes among women. Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted on 712 females, ...

The evidence we have on chronic poverty and the fortunes of the poorest people suggests that a significant proportion of the poor, between one quarter and one half, are chronically poor in low and lower middle income countries. Using the limited available data covering the last 20 years, this paper examines whether those that were poor in the 1990s could plausibly still be poor today despite in...

background: foreign immigrants form the part of the population of each country. among the foreign immigrant population in iran, the share of immigrants and nationals from afghanistan is very noticeable. one of the factors that affect this people's physical and mental health is social support. this study aimed to investigate the status of social support and its effective factors on afghan immigr...

a A file with all data and information necessary to replicate the results in this article is available from the authors. Abstract Background: Reducing health inequalities is an important part of the agenda of health policymakers globally. Studies of health inequalities have revealed large variations in average health status across social, economic, and other groups. However, no studies have bee...

objectives: social participation is linked to healthy aging and the maintenance of functional independence in older individuals. this study aimed to investigate the relationship between social participation and orderly’s mental health. methods: totally 380 people, aged over 60 residing in city of hamadan were participated in the study. the participants completed a researcher-tailored inventory ...