STUDY OBJECTIVE To analyse if socioeconomic characteristics in area of living affect the risk of myocardial infarction in a Swedish urban population, and to evaluate to what extent the contextual effect is confounded by the individual exposures. DESIGN A population based case-referent study (SHEEP). SETTING Cases (n=1631) were all incident first events of myocardial infarction during 1992-1...

Participatory approaches have been broadly advocated in development policy as means of enabling local people to share and analyse their conditions and experiences (See for example Chambers 1994; Leavy and Howard, et al. 2013). This report identifies and reviews a selection of participatory tools that have been used in micro-level poverty, social exclusion and vulnerability analysis. The approac...

The aim of the Research Series of the International Institute for Labour Studies is to publish monographs reflecting the results and findings of research projects carried out by the Institute and its networks, The Series will also occasionally include outside contributions. The monographs will be published in moderately priced limited offset editions. The Institute thus hopes to maintain a regu...

For strategy formulation, it is important to understand who the poor are, where they live, and what is their source of livelihoods. Poverty is multi-dimensional and extends from low levels of income and consumption to poor health and lack of education to other ‘non-material’ dimensions of well being, including gender disparities, insecurity, powerlessness and social exclusion. A good understand...

We have used the generalized linearization technique based on the concept of influence function, as Osier has done (Osier 2009), to estimate the variance of complex statistics such as Laeken indicators. Simulations conducted using the R language show that the use of Gaussian kernel estimation to estimate an income density function results in a strongly biased variance estimate. We are proposing...

Although the concept of social exclusion has its origins in northern social policy discourses, it can add value to attempts to think about social policy in the context of development if it can provide a unifying framework for analysing the social implications of economic disadvantage and the economic implications of social disadvantage. This paper develops one possible version of such a framewo...

Study objective: To analyse if socioeconomic characteristics in area of living affect the risk of myocardial infarction in a Swedish urban population, and to evaluate to what extent the contextual effect is confounded by the individual exposures. Design: A population based case-referent study (SHEEP). Setting: Cases (n=1631) were all incident first events of myocardial infarction during 1992–19...

Poverty and social exclusion are important socio-economic variables which are often taken for granted while considering ill-health effects. Social exclusion mainly refers to the inability of our society to keep all groups and individuals within reach of what we expect as society to realize their full potential. Marginalization of certain groups or classes occurs in most societies including deve...