The colloidal stability of surfactant-dispersed single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is determined by microscopic physicochemical processes, such as association, partitioning, and adsorption propensities. These processes can be controlled by the addition of solutes. While the effects of cations on the colloidal stability of SWCNTs are relatively well understood, little is known about the effec...

Many excitable tissues are able to develop action potentials in the absence of any salt of univalent cation in the external medium. Osterhout and his associates' have shown that Nitella cells, which have been rendered inexcitable by prolonged immersion in distilled water, regain their excitability when calcium salts are added to the external medium. Fatt and Katz,2 Hagiwara, Chichibu, and Naka,...

Ultraviolet matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (UV-MALDI-MS) analysis of highly acidic, thermally labile species such as glycosaminoglycan-derived oligosaccharides is complicated by their poor ionization efficiency and tendency to fragment through the loss of sulfo groups. We have utilized a systematic approach to evaluate the effect of alkali metal counterions on th...

A detailed study was made on the influence of salts on those physicochemical properties of sodium gelatinate which are regulated by Donnan's law of membrane equilibria; namely, osmotic pressure, membrane potentials, and swelling. It was found that the influence of salts on these properties in the case of sodium gelatinate obeys the same rules of valency as in the case of the influence of salts ...

BACKGROUND While it is well known that hypotonic solutions of sodium chloride induce hemolysis, the effects of other salt solutions on human erythrocytes have not been well documented. OBJECTIVE The study is to compare the effects of other salt solutions on human red cells. METHODS Iso-osmotic and hypo-osmotic solutions of various salts were prepared after taking into account their molecula...

(1) The addition of salts to the suspending medium induces a decrease in the yield of chlorophyll a fluorescence in normal and DCMU-poisoned intact algal cells of Chlorella pyrcnoidosa. Potassium and sodium acetate cause a pronounced lowering of the fluorescence at relatively low concentrations (0.01-0.1 M). MgClj and KC1 cause a similar lowering of fluorescence but at much higher concentration...

Halogenated and alkoxylated closo-dodecaborates [B12X11OR](2-) (X = Cl, Br; R = propyl, octyl, dodecyl) have been synthesized by halogenation of the known [B12H11OH](2-) anion followed by alkylation in the superbasic medium DMSO/KOH. The obtained sodium salts were transformed by simple metathesis reactions in aqueous solution to the tetrabutylammonium ([NBu4](+)) and 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium...

In the present study, a series of organic and alkali metal salts of biphenylacetic acid (BPA) have been prepared and evaluated in vitro for percutaneous drug delivery. The physicochemical properties of BPA salts were determined using solubility measurements, DSC, and IR. The DSC thermogram and FTIR spectra confirmed the salt formation with organic and alkali metal bases. Among the series, salts...

1. Wright's method for the study of chemotaxis of leucocytes in vitro, slightly modified, has been found to be most satisfactory in the estimation of the degree of chemotaxis of various substances, because it is possible to make an exact quantitative determination of the leucocytes that have migrated from the blood clot and adhere to the surfaces containing the tested substance. 2. The calcium ...