bility arises mainly from the limitations of the discrete data model and from the polygon-based mapping pracA geographical information system (GIS) or expert knowledgetice employed in conventional soil surveys. based fuzzy soil inference scheme (soil-land inference model, SoLIM) is described. The scheme consists of three major components: (i) a Zhu (1997a,b), Zhu and Band (1994), Zhu et al. mod...

abstract: converting point data to continuous one is the first step in order to use them in scorpan flowchart. for this purpose, different geostatistic methods are available which at present research regression kriging with local variogram was applied. for mapping apparent electrical conductivity at the area covering 72000ha located in ardakan region, 700 readings in horizontal and vertical mod...

Digital soil mapping has emerged as a new method to describe the spatial distribution of soils economically and efficiently. In this study, lightweight organic matter (SOM) based on deep residual network, which we call LSM-ResNet, is proposed make accurate predictions with background covariates. ResNet not only integrates information around observed environmental covariates, but also reduces pr...

In precision agriculture regression has been used widely to quantify the relationship between soil attributes and other environmental variables. However, spatial correlation existing in soil samples usually violates a basic assumption of regression: sample independence. In this study, a regression-kriging method was attempted in relating soil properties to the remote sensing image of a cotton f...

Fuzzy systems, including fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, provide a rich and meaningful improvement, or extension of conventional logic. The mathematics generated by this theory is consistent, and fuzzy set theory may be seen as a generalisation of classic set theory. Applications in soil science, which may be generated from, or adapted to fuzzy set theory and fuzzy logic, are wide-ranging: nu...

This paper presents an automated method for creating spatial maps of soil condition with an outdoor mobile robot. Effective soil mapping on farms can enhance yields, reduce inputs and help protect the environment. Traditionally, data are collected manually at an arbitrary set of locations, then soil maps are constructed offline using Kriging, a form of Gaussian process regression. This process ...

Soil erosion is one of the vital factors contributing to the loss of fertility and environmental degradation. Generally accepted diagnostics of eroded soils is based on comparison of the sloping soils profile depth with the watershed soils. In this case, there is a separate problem of slope soils with a naturally shortened profile and eroded soils. Formation of the soil’s natura...

This study analyzes soil sealing and its repercussions in the loss of fertile soils, which are more appropriate for agriculture use. Also, soil sealing increases flood risk. The main objective is to estimate soil loss by sealing in the Guadarrama River Basin (Madrid, Spain) between 1961 and 2011. The combination of digital processing (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), principal com...