Since the 1970s, commercial-scale thermally-driven seawater desalination plants have been powered by low-grade energy sources, drawn either with low-pressure bled-steam from steam turbines or solar renewable harvested that are supplied at relatively low temperatures. Despite increasing trend of reverse osmosis plants, role thermal methods (such as multi-stage flashing and multi-effect distillat...

This manuscript investigates the supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) power cycle employed in block of concentrated solar (CSP) plants—solar tower—as an alternative for desalination, developed with either distillation or reverse osmosis. concept is investigated as a possible up-scaling SOLMIDEFF project, originally based on hot-air micro gas turbine combined dish collector. For upscaled concept,...

Environmental and socioeconomic challenges facing many hydrocarbon-rich nations could help them evolve from hydrocarbon-based (black) into renewables-based (green) economies. In this paper, we present a case study for application of Black Into Green (BIG) method Iran. We show that with international cooperation Iran indefinitely meet its energy freshwater needs by leveraging large-scale renewab...

The frontier of water treatment is being defined by hybrid approaches and thoughtful design integration. The use of increasingly sophisticated processes is driven by the need to treat dramatically impaired water supplies while maintaining low cost, high utilization, and high operational flexibility. Industrial wastewaters present an additional challenge, with increasing regulations and water sc...

Wastewater produced by the crew members on a long-term space mission needs to be recovered as potable water. Reverse osmosis (RO) has long been in use as a physical membrane separation technology for wastewater treatment. However, membrane fouling and concentration polarization have limited the efficiency for high recovery reverse osmosis systems. An advanced high pressure rotating RO device wa...

Since 2001, the membrane industry has made significant strides in reverse osmosis technology, especially in seawater reverse osmosis. Hydranautics has been in the forefront of this development. Four years ago, SWC3 was the leading seawater membrane in the industry with a capacity of 5900 gpd and 99.7% average sodium chloride rejection at standard test conditions. Today, the SWC5 leads the indus...

A large-scale parallel-unit seawater reverse osmosis desalination plant contains many reverse osmosis (RO) units. If the operating conditions change, these RO units will not work at the optimal design points which are computed before the plant is built. The operational optimization problem (OOP) of the plant is to find out a scheduling of operation to minimize the total running cost when the ch...

Reverse osmosis (RO). has become a standard unit operation in Chemical Engineering. This separation process can be used for a wide variety of applications including: desalination of sea water, treatment of industrial wastes, concentration of food products, and recovery of value materials from solution mixtures. In order to best utilize RO it is necessary to have a fundamental understanding of t...