Solar surface irradiance is an important variable in many different fields, e.g., climate monitoring and solar energy. Remote sensing data are nowadays well established and the only observational data source in many regions of the world. Aerosols significantly affect the clear sky radiation and hence also the all sky radiation. In order to achieve the optimal accuracy for surface radiation, inf...

It remains an open question how magnetic energy is rapidly released in the solar corona so as to create solar explosions such as solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs). Recent studies have confirmed that a system consisting of a flux rope embedded in a background field exhibits a catastrophic behavior, and the energy threshold at the catastrophic point may exceed the associated open fie...

In the present work, a prototype of a new type of solar collectors, which called Direct Absorption Solar Collector, was built and its thermal performance is experimentally compared with conventional flat plate solar collector under transient and steady state conditions. Different volume fractions of multi wall carbon nanotubes in water and ethylene glycol mixture (70%:30% in volume) were used a...

Photocatalysts based on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are very promising due to a combination of high tuneability and convenient porous structure. Introducing porphyrin units within MOFs is a potential route to engineer these natural photosynthesis molecular catalysts into artificial photosynthesis heterogeneous catalysts. Using computer simulations based on density functional theory, we expl...

The loss of stratospheric ozone and the accompanying increase in solar UV flux have led to concerns regarding decreases in global microbial productivity. Central to understanding this process is determining the types and amounts of DNA damage in microbes caused by solar UV irradiation. While UV irradiation of dormant Bacillus subtilis endospores results mainly in formation of the "spore photopr...

in this paper, optimal design of hybrid solar-wind- diesel energy system with battery storage for reliable load in arsoon village in ardabil is presented. the village has 35 households that mean daily energy consumption is estimated 63.4 kwh. in this design optimization is implemented, considering loss of power supply probability (lpsp) index for reliable load providing, with minimum total cons...

In the present work, a prototype of a new type of solar collectors, which called Direct Absorption Solar Collector, was built and its thermal performance is experimentally compared with conventional flat plate solar collector under transient and steady state conditions. Different volume fractions of multi wall carbon nanotubes in water and ethylene glycol mixture (70%:30% in volume) were used a...

In the last years, as fenestration and shading systems have become more complex and sophisticated, a great improvement of thermal and solar-optical performance has been required and as a consequence old methods of characterization have become inadequate. This evolution has yielded the introduction of new lumped parameters and the implementation of more sophisticated calculation models, which al...

Many sites of high solar insolation in Australia are located far from major load centres, and it is likely that the siting of future solar power plants in Australia will necessitate extensive transmission infrastructure. The unique generation profile of solar electric plants limits the utilisation of dedicated transmission lines rated to the peak output of a plant. If a plant is oversized for a...