When phospholipid vesicles bound to a planar membrane are osmotically swollen, they develop a hydrostatic pressure (delta P) and fuse with the membrane. We have calculated the steady-state delta P, from the equations of irreversible thermodynamics governing water and solute flows, for two general methods of osmotic swelling. In the first method, vesicles are swollen by adding a solute to the ve...

Water, sodium, potassium, ATP, amino acids, and sugars are not uniformly distributed in Rana pipiens oocytes. Concentration differences exist between nucleus (germinal vesicle) and ooplasm and between animal and vegetal ooplasmic regions. The mechanisms responsible for these differences were investigated using intracellular reference-phase (iRP) analysis. The iRP is an artificial "organelle" th...

By using the concepts of the short-range order (SRO) and middle-range order (MRO) characterizing structures, an attempt has been made to describe the glass forming ability (GFA) of liquid alloys. This includes the effect of more than two kinds of SRO in the liquid caused by the addition of second and third elements to a metallic solvent. The minimum solute concentration is related to the atomic...

Measurements of diffusion and partitioning of solutes having molecular weights ranging 180-66 000 in PVA gel membranes with various crosslinking degree were carried out. With increasing solute size or decreasing number of average molecular weight between crosslinks of the membranes, both the solute permeability and partition coefficient decreased. In spite of similar solute sizes, the more hydr...

The excess enthalpy and shear strain behavior of the β-Sn (101) grain boundary containing various amounts of Ag and Cu solute atoms was investigated using molecular simulation. An increase in either type of solute at the interface lowers the excess enthalpy of the grain boundary. The enthalpies of segregation for both solute types are computed as the slope of excess enthalpy of the grain bounda...

Chemically responsive polymers are macromolecules that respond to local variations of the chemical composition solution by changing their conformation, with notable examples including polyelectrolytes, proteins, and DNA. The polymer conformation changes can occur in response pH, ionic strength, or concentration a generic solute interacts polymer. These stimuli lead drastic flexibility even trig...

Dissipative particle dynamics simulations were used to study the effects of mixing time, solute solubility, solute and diblock copolymer concentrations, and copolymer block length on the rapid coprecipitation of polymer-protected nanoparticles. The simulations were aimed at modeling Flash NanoPrecipitation, a process in which hydrophobic solutes and amphiphilic block copolymers are dissolved in...

In this work, the cholesterol concentration in the supercritical (SC) CO2, under working conditions, is calculated by implementing the modified Peng Robinson equation of state (EoS) combined with the Van Der Waals mixing rules. Here, optimisations of the interaction coefficient (kij) between solvent and solute and the solute critical parameters (i.e. critical pressure and temperature) are the m...