The propagation of acoustic or elastic waves in artificial crystals, including the case phononic and sonic is inherently anisotropic. As known from theory periodic composites, anisotropy directly dictated by space group unit cell crystal rank tensor. Here, we examine effective velocities long wavelength limit composites as a function direction propagation. We derive explicit efficient formulas ...

We have computed line emission cooling rates for the main cooling species in models of interstellar molecular clouds. The models are based on numerical simulations of super–sonic magneto–hydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. Non-LTE radiative transfer calculations have been performed to properly account for the complex density and velocity structures in the MHD simulations. Three models are used. Two ...

PURPOSE To compare the performance of sonic phacoemulsification with that of ultrasonic phacoemulsification in regard to 1-day postoperative visual acuity, corneal edema, and procedure efficiency. SETTING Oregon Eye Institute, Eugene, Oregon, USA. METHODS This prospective nonrandomized study comprised 86 eyes with mild to moderate nuclear sclerotic cataract. Forty-three eyes had sonic and 4...

Abstract. One-dimensional stationary flows of a plasma consisting of two ion populations and electrons streaming against a heavy ion cloud are studied. The flow structure is critically governed by the position of sonic and critical points, at which the flow is shocked or choked. The concept of sonic and critical points is suitably generalized to the case of multi-ion plasmas to include a differ...

Accidental release scenarios such as flammable gas leaks or ruptures of pipes and pressurised process-equipment normally originate high velocity jets which, if ignited, give rise to jet fires. Although the direct effects of jet fires are considered to be relatively smaller than that associated to other types of fires, they are characterized by high heat fluxes and, especially if there is flame ...