In this paper, we address the conceptual design of the bioethanol process from switchgrass via gasification. A superstructure is postulated for optimizing energy use that embeds direct or indirect gasification, followed by steam reforming or partial oxidation. Next, the gas composition is adjusted with membrane-PSA or water gas shift. Membrane separation, absorption with ethanol-amines and PSA ...

The sour gas sweetening is one of the main processes in industries. Gas done through chemical processes. Therefore, it requires high cost and energy. results show that increasing operating temperature increases mass transfer coefficient rate. Theoretical experimental data sulfur removal 4.5 W magnetic field desirable. increase percentage 6.75 about 16.4% 15.2%, respectively. According to obtain...

Although the environments of star and planet formation are thermodynamically cold, substantial X-ray emission from 10–100 MK plasmas is present. In low-mass pre-main-sequence stars, X-rays are produced by violent magnetic reconnection flares. In high-mass O stars, they are produced by wind shocks on both stellar and parsec scales. The recent Chandra Orion Ultradeep Project, XMM-Newton Extended ...

We present high time-resolution multicolour optical observations of the quiescent X-ray transients GRS 1124–684 (=GU Mus) and Cen X-4 (=V822 Cen) obtained with ULTRACAM. Superimposed on the secondary stars’ ellipsoidal modulation in both objects are large flares on time-scales of 30–60 min as well as several distinct rapid flares on time-scales of a few minutes, most of which show further varia...

The vast majority of the world's fossil fuel trace gas emission sources can be detected and mapped using nighttime low light imaging data from the U.S. Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Operational Linescan System (OLS). This includes human settlements, industrial and commercial facilities, and gas flares. Nocturnal lighting could be regarded as one of the defining featu...

Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik, Giessenbachstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany Department of Physics, Le Conte Hall, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln, Zülpicher Strasse 77, 50937 Köln, Germany Faculty of Physics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, PO Box 26, Rehovot 76100, Israel Observatoire de Paris—Sectio...