University of Maryland 16.

Explosive growth in geospatial data and the emergence of new spatial technologies emphasize the need for automated discovery of spatial knowledge. Spatial data mining is the process of discovering interesting and previously unknown, but potentially useful patterns from large spatial databases. The complexity of spatial data and intrinsic spatial relationships limits the usefulness of convention...

An overview is presented of the use of hierarchical spatial data structures such as the quadtree. They are based on the principle of recursive decomposition. The focus is on the representation of data used in image databases. The emphasis is on twodimensional regions, points, rectangles, and lines.

In this chapter, we discuss applications of topological data analysis (TDA) to spatial systems. We briefly review a recently proposed level-set construction filtered simplicial complexes, and then examine persistent homology in two cases studies: street networks Shanghai anomalies the spread COVID-19 infections. summarize our results provide an outlook on TDA