The virological surveillance of 3582 wild waterfowl in northern Australia from 2004 to 2009 for avian influenza virus (AIV) found an apparent prevalence (AP) of 1% (31 of 2989 cloacal swabs; 95% CI: 0.71%-1.47%) using a Taqman Type A real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction test and no viral isolations from 593 swabs tested by the embryonating chicken egg culture method. From s...

Burst suppression in the electroencephalogram (EEG) is a well-described phenomenon that occurs during deep anesthesia, as well as in a variety of congenital and acquired brain insults. Classically it is thought of as spatially synchronous, quasi-periodic bursts of high amplitude EEG separated by low amplitude activity. However, its characterization as a "global brain state" has been challenged ...

Space-time integration has long been the topic of study and speculation in geography. However, in recent years an entirely new form of space-time integration has become possible in GIS and GIScience: real-time space-time integration and interaction. While real-time spatiotemporal data is now being generated almost ubiquitously, and its applications in research and commerce are widespread and ra...

[1] The surface pattern of vegetation influences the composition and humification of peat laid down during the development of a bog, producing a subsurface hydrological structure that is expected to affect both the rate and pattern of water flow. Subsurface peat structures are routinely derived from the inspection of peat cores. However, logistical limits on the number of cores that can be coll...

Questions: Did fire regimes in old-growth Pinus ponderosa forest change with Euro-American settlement compared to the pre-settlement period? Do tree age structures exhibit a pattern of continuous regeneration or is regeneration episodic and related to fire disturbance or fire-free periods? Are the forests compositionally stable? Do trees have a clumped spatial pattern and are clumps evenor mixe...

Many data objects in the real world have attributes about location and time. Such spatiotemporal objects can be found in applications such Geographic Information Systems (GIS), environmental data management and multimedia databases. Traditional relational database technology is not suitable for managing spatiotemporal data, which are multi-dimensional with complex structures and behaviors. Spat...

Existing spatiotemporal data models and query languages offer only basic support to query changes of data. In particular, although these systems often allow the formulation of queries that ask for changes at particular time points, they fall short of expressing queries for sequences of such changes. In this chapter we propose the concept of spatiotemporal patterns as a systematic and scalable c...

We propose a generic Bayesian mixed-effects model to estimate the temporal progression of a biological phenomenon from observations obtained at multiple time points for a group of individuals. The progression is modeled by continuous trajectories in the space of measurements. Individual trajectories of progression result from spatiotemporal transformations of an average trajectory. These transf...

One of the main outstanding problems in the cognitive sciences is to understand how ongoing conscious experience is related to the workings of the brain and nervous system. Neurodynamics offers a powerful approach to this problem, because it provides a coherent framework for investigating change, variability, complex spatiotemporal patterns of activity, and multi-scale processes (among others)....

Biological processes in the human body interact continuously in order to sustain physiological function. A complete study of a phenomenon in human physiology requires merging data from several measurements, not only from different domains of knowledge (chemistry, biology, physics, and medicine) but also across different spatiotemporal scales. As an example, a musculoskeletal disease of the huma...