Radiation oncology modalities such as intensity-modulated and image-guided radiation therapy can reduce the high dose to normal tissue and deliver a heterogeneous dose to tumors, focusing on areas deemed at highest risk for tumor persistence. Clinical radiation oncology produces daily doses ranging from 1 to 20 Gy, with tissues being exposed to 30 or more daily fractions. Hypothesizing the cell...

background: in order to deliver the precise dose to the target in radiotherapy, absorbed dose to water at the reference point should be assessed. when the calibration procedure is performed for a reference dosimeter in the 60co beam of a secondary standard dosimetry laboratory (ssdl), the total uncertainty in absorbed dose to water (dw) is estimated to be approximately 1.5%. this study attempts...

Background: Based on the radiation biology model of prostate cancer, hypofractionated radiotherapy can improve the treatment outcomes without increasing toxicity. Although hypofractionated radiotherapy is implemented over a short period of time, it is more convenient and cheaper compared with conventional fractionated treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the early toxicity of mod...