When isolated but reproductively compatible populations expand geographically and meet, simulations predict asymmetric introgression of neutral loci from a local to invading taxon. Genetic introgression may affect phylogenetic reconstruction by obscuring topology and divergence estimates. We combined phylogenetic analysis of sequences from one mtDNA and 12 nuDNA loci with analysis of gene flow ...

Resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) may provide a powerful and noninvasive "bridge" for comparing brain function between patients and experimental animal models; however, the relationship between human and macaque rs-fcMRI remains poorly understood. Here, using a novel surface deformation process for species comparisons in the same anatomical space (Van Essen, 2004, 2005), we f...

A conservative estimate of the species tree for the woodpecker genus Picoides based on two mitochondrial protein-coding genes is tested using sequences of an independently evolving nuclear intron, beta-fibrinogen intron 7. The mitochondrial gene-based topology and the intron-based topology are concordant, and a partition-homogeneity statistical test did not detect phylogenetic heterogeneity. Th...

The horseshoe crabs, known as living fossils, have maintained their morphology almost unchanged for the past 150 million years. The little morphological differentiation among horseshoe crab lineages has resulted in substantial controversy concerning the phylogenetic relationship among the extant species of horseshoe crabs, especially among the three species in the Indo-Pacific region. Previous ...

among structured peer-to-peer systems, chord has a general popularity due to its salient features like simplicity, high scalability, small path length with respect to network size, and flexibility on node join and departure. however, chord doesn’t take into account the topology of underlying physical network when a new node is being added to the system, thus resulting in high routing latency an...

following the categorical approach to universal algebra through algebraic theories, proposed by f.~w.~lawvere in his phd thesis, this paper aims at introducing a similar setting for general topology. the cornerstone of the new framework is the notion of emph{categorically-algebraic} (emph{catalg}) emph{topological theory}, whose models induce a category of topological structures. we introduce t...

in this paper, the notion of maximal m-open set is introduced and itsproperties are investigated. some results about existence of maximal m-open setsare given. moreover, the relations between maximal m-open sets in an m-spaceand maximal open sets in the corresponding generated topology are considered.our results are supported by examples and counterexamples.