Two species of rumen fungi, Piromyces (Piromonas) communis FL and Caecomyces (Sphaeromonas) communis FG10, were cultured alone or in association with the cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus flavefaciens or Fibrobacter succinogenes on maize stem. A kinetic study of the degradation of the substrate was then made. After 48 h of culture, all non-lignified tissues observed by scanning electron micros...

Available tools for genetic analysis in the anaerobic rumen bacterium Prevotella bryantii are limited to only two known systems for gene delivery, and no genes, with the exception of plasmid maintenance and selection genes, have been successfully expressed from plasmids in any species of the genus Prevotella until now. It is shown here that nucB, a newly cloned nuclease gene from P. bryantii, c...

An in vitro experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of Aspergillus oryzae culture (AOC) and 2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)-butanoic acid (HMB) on rumen fermentation and microbial populations between different roughage sources. Two roughage sources (Chinese wild rye [CWR] vs corn silage [CS]) were assigned in a 2×3 factorial arrangement with HMB (0 or 15 mg) and AOC (0, 3, or 6 mg). Gas produ...

One hundred sixty-one strains of adherent bacteria were isolated under anaerobic conditions from four sites on the rumen epithelial surface of sheep fed hay or a hay-grain ration. Before isolation of bacteria, rumen tissue was washed six times in an anaerobic dilution solution, and viable bacteria suspended in the washings were counted. Calculation indicated that unattached bacteria would have ...

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of biological treatment withPleurotus floridafungi on chemical composition and rumen dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) degradability of wheat and barley straw. Wheat and barley straw were collected from Golestan province of Iran and after pasteurization mixed with fungi spawn (than 5% by weight). After 21 days samples were dried in oven (...

Conclusion The interactions of methanogens with other organisms in natural habitats are various. At a metabolic level methanogens may compete for substrates with other bacteria and are involved in mutualistic interactions with non-methanogenic bacteria. Mutualism between methanogens and protozoa also occurs and, in addition, methanogens interact physically as episymbionts of rumen ciliates. Kno...

Dehydrodivanillin (DDV; 0.15 g/liter) was biodegradable at 37 degrees C under strictly anaerobic conditions by microflora from cow rumen fluid to the extent of 25% within 2 days in a yeast extract medium. The anaerobes were acclimated on DDV for 2 weeks, leading to DDV-degrading microflora with rates of degradation eight times higher than those initially. Dehydrodivanillic acid and vanillic aci...

Large, Gram-negative, anaerobic cocci (LC) fermenting lactate were first isolated by enrichment culture from the sheep rumen (Elsden, Volcani, Gilchrist & Lewis, 1956). High counts (about 109/ml.) were obtained from young calves but not from adult ruminants by Hobson, Mann & Oxford (1958). The cocci were cultured in numbers of 1 0 6 to 103/ml. from the rumen of cattle fed high-grain rations and...