There are theoretical foundations which allow hypothesizing on a positive association of life expectancy or retirement age with income. If both cannot be falsified, the relationship of income and the internal rate of return of a public pension system is not straight forward. By application of a partially linear model to micro data from the German public pension system, it is found that neither ...

This paper describes lipoprotein apheresis, a crucial form of treatment for people with severe, statin-resistant hypercholesterolaemia (high cholesterol). The paper illustrates the merits and service specifications for a treatment that is little known, even among the medical fraternity. Apheresis is often the only effective treatment to help prolong the health and life of these very high cardio...

This tutorial describes the activities and work products that contribute to the specification and validation of the software requirements of a system. Although requirements practices are closely related to specific software development life cycle models, the general activities described in this paper are common to most process models. The activities of elicitation, analysis, specification, vali...

The design of products greatly influences the performance of the product in the rest of the product’s life-cycle phases, e.g. manufacturing, use/maintenance and end-of-life processes. In order to design more sustainable products, information from all life-cycle phases should be implemented in structured ways via e.g. eco-design tools in the design process. Remanufacturing is one viable end-of-l...

this paper is devoted to the study of determining optimal process mean in system production with the two markets for the sale of goods. in this paper, we developed an absorbing markov chain model in production systems where all items are inspected %100 for conformance with their specification limits. when the value of the quality characteristic of an item falls below a lower limit, the item is ...

diabetes is a chronic disease of lifelong duration, and its management requires a fundamental change in the patient’s lifestyle. the aims of this study were to determine behaviors of diabetic patients in relation to management of their disease, assess metabolic control and health-related quality of life of them. the target population was type 2 diabetic patients and a cross-sectional approach w...