Surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering (SERRS) of rhodamine 6G was measured on confeito-like Au nanoparticles (CAuNPs). The large CAuNPs (100 nm in diameter) in aqueous dispersion systems showed stronger enhancing effect (analytical enhancement factor: over 10⁵) of SERRS than the small CAuNPs (50 nm in diameter), while the spherical Au nanoparticles (20 nm in diameter) displayed rather wea...

Direct tableting has been renewed as a preferable process by simply mixing and compressing powder to save time and cost in comparison with granule tableting. Direct compression tableting as a technique has been successfully applied to numerous drugs on the industrial scale, although the success of any procedure, and resulting mechanical properties of tablets, is strongly affected by the quality...

The angular reflectance pattern of the Kuwait oil-fire smoke was measured from an aircraft at 13 discrete wavelengths between 0.5 and 2.3 pm. Measurements at 0.75 and 1.64 pm showed that the reflectance of the smoke layer was about 12% in the nadir direction with considerable limb brightening toward the horizon. Furthermore, these observations revealed a backscattering maximum in the antisolar ...

Studies were performed to compare the physical and chemical characteristics and the in vitro macrophage cytotoxicity of oil and coal fly ash. Sampling methodology was developed to collect size-fractionated particulate matter from the smokestack of either a coal-fired or an oil-fired power plant. Morphological studies demonstrated particle heterogeneity, although most coal fly ash particles appe...

This paper examines the agglomeration benefits of a transportation improvement in a city by modeling the microstructure of urban agglomeration based on monopolistic competition of differentiated intermediate products. Properly extended to include variety distortion in addition to price distortion, Harberger’s measure of excess burden yields the agglomeration benefits. The agglomeration benefits...

Improving oral bioavailability of drugs given as solid dosage forms remains a challenge for the formulation scientists due to solubility problems. To address this encumbrance, ionotropic gelation technique has attracted considerable interest of improving the dissolution rate of highly lipophilic drugs thereby improving their bioavailability by engineering spherical agglomerates. Spherical beads...

We have explored various gas phase processes for the fabrication of nanometersized Si and SiOx particles and measured their structural properties (agglomeration, size, shape, crystallinity, surface roughness and internal structure) by conventional and high resolution electron microscopy. Agglomerated amorphous Si particles, 10±30 nm in size, were prepared by gas phase reactions including cluste...

For certain product applications in pharmaceutical, chemical and material sectors, sintering of powders while retaining grain sizes in the sub-micron range becomes a critical processing step. The key to nanosintering and compaction is to achieve densification by limiting coarsening and undesirable microstructural transformations. Densification commonly results in grain coarsening. Nanosintering...