We calculate the density-dependent spin-asymmetry energy S(kf ) of isospin-symmetric nuclear matter in the three-loop approximation of chiral perturbation theory. The interaction contributions to S(kf ) originate from one-pion exchange, iterated one-pion exchange, and (irreducible) two-pion exchange with no, single, and double virtual ∆-isobar excitation. We find that the truncation to 1π-excha...

Determination of the orbital angular momentum of the proton is a difficult but important part of understanding fundamental structure. Insight can be gained from suitable models of the gluon asymmetry applied to the Jz = 1/2 sum rule. We have constrained the models of the asymmetry to gain possible scenarios for the angular momentum of the protons constituents. Results and phenomenology for dete...

The structure inversion asymmetry at surfaces and interfaces give rise to the Rashba spin-orbit interaction (SOI), that breaks spin degeneracy of surface or interface states. Hence, when an electric current runs through a interface, this effect generates effective magnetic field acting on electron spin. This provides additional tool manipulate state in materials such as Si Ge that, their bulk f...