Objectives: One of the most common and disabling complications that affects individuals with spinal cord injury is spasticity. The purpose of this study is to compare the effect of agonist and antagonist electrical stimulations on triceps surae muscle spasticity in patients with spinal cord injury. Methods: A total of 30 subjects with spinal cord injury were considered for the study. They were...

Background: P2X4 receptor (P2X4R), a purinoceptor expressed in activated spinal microglia, plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain. Spinal nerve injury induces up-regulation of P2X4R on activated microglia in the spinal cord, and blockade of this receptor can reduce neuropathic pain. The present study was undertaken to determine whether paroxetine, an inhibitor of P2X4R, could ...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is well known as a severely disabling that can result in long-term neurological impairment and great impact on the social economic aspects of patients. To investigate controversy regarding Stem Cell Transplantation treatment modality to alleviate devastating effect Cord Injury, we performed literature research according PRISMA guidelines through Pubmed, Cochrane, EMBASE...

Introduction: Spinal cord injuries (SCI) lead to permanent irreversible functional deficits.  Poor prognosis of patients is the motivation of searching a treatment for the chronic injury.  Planting stem cells provides us with a promising strategy. In the meanwhile, the use of olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) has shown very good results.  This study aims at evaluating the effe...

spinal cord injury (sci) results in the damage of motor and sensory pathways. the molecular and cellular structure of the injury milieu has been shown to be vital for endogenous regeneration in most tissues. regeneration of injured central nervous system (cns) is limited by damaged cell environment. biomaterial scaffolds can reconstruct injured cns tissue following sci by promoting the migratio...

Summary: Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) usually have permanent and often devastating neurologic deficits and disability and pain (1). According to the National Institutes of Health, "among neurological disorders, the cost to society of automotive SCI is exceeded only by the cost of mental retardation"(2). Neurogenic pain constitutes one of the enigmatic clinical sy...

background : spinal injury can establish severe psychological outcomes for the patient and his/her family which requires high adjustment. health system staff would be able to play their roles well in caring from these patients provided with knowing what steps spinal injured people should pass to handle their disability and also what assistance they need in what stages from what sources. this st...

conclusions this case report supports the beneficial role of erythropoietin in function, maintenance, and recovery of neurons. erythropoietin is a double-edge sword, as long-term erythropoietin therapy has some complications, like thromboembolism and stroke. recent studies suggested that erythropoietin should be given as single high dose to exert a rapid neuro-protective effect with minimal hem...