Two members of a family of spore germination-specific cDNAs, celA and celB, are expressed coordinately, exclusively during spore germination. In the present study the regulatory sequence elements responsible for celA germination-specific expression have been identified. The very AT-rich 81 bp sequence between -664 and -584 upstream of the translation initiation site was required for proper temp...

Antifungal activity assay of the methanol extract of the aerial parts of the plant Andrographis paniculata revealed that it exhibits mycelial growth inhibition of Fusarium solani and spore germination inhibition of Alternaria solani. Pure andrographolide present in the methanol extract also exhibited spore germination inhibition of A. solani. Quantitative estimation of andrographolide in the me...

A major structural element of bacterial endospores is a peptidoglycan (PG) wall. This wall is produced between the two opposed membranes surrounding the developing forespore and is composed of two layers. The inner layer is the germ cell wall, which appears to have a structure similar to that of the vegetative cell wall and which serves as the initial cell wall following spore germination. The ...

The bacterial spore can rapidly convert from a dormant to a fully active cell. Here we study this remarkable cellular transition in Bacillus subtilis and reveal the identity of the newly synthesized proteins throughout spore revival. Our analysis uncovers a highly ordered developmental program that correlates with the spore morphological changes and reveals the spatial and temporal molecular ev...

Fidaxomicin (FDX) is approved to treat Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhea and is superior to vancomycin in providing a sustained clinical response (cure without recurrence in the subsequent 25 days). The mechanism(s) behind the low recurrence rate of FDX-treated patients could be multifactorial. Here, we tested effects of FDX, its metabolite OP-1118, and vancomycin on spore germination a...

The method by which sodium nitrite may act to prevent germination or outgrowth, or both, of heat-injured spores in canned cured meats was investigated by using Clostridium perfringens spores. Four possible mechanisms were tested: (i) prevention of germination of the heat-injured spores, (ii) prior combination with a component in a complex medium to prevent germination of heat-injured spores, (i...

Nine fungicides namely: carbendazim, hexaconazole, thiophonate methyl, triadimefan, metalaxyl, mancozeb, captan, copper oxychloride and chlorothalonil and seven bioagents namely: Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma viride, Gliocladium virens, Lacaria laccata, Boletus edulis, Suillus placids and Russula lutea were evaluated in vitro by using dual culture and cultural filtrate techniques for their...

A member of the 270 spore germination-specific gene family in Dictyostelium discoideum is shown to encode a cellulase (endo-(1,4)-beta-D-glucanase, EC 3.2.1.4) activity. The 270-6 deduced protein shows 38% identity and 58% similarity to an avocado (Persea americana) cellulase. During spore germination in Dictyostelium extracellular cellulase activity starts to accumulate coincident with the app...

Dictyostelium cells express a G-protein-coupled adenylyl cyclase, ACA, during aggregation and an atypical adenylyl cyclase, ACG, in mature spores. The ACG gene was disrupted by homologous recombination. acg- cells developed into normal fruiting bodies with viable spores, but spore germination was no longer inhibited by high osmolarity, a fairly universal constraint for spore and seed germinatio...