In PLL designs, a wide loop bandwidth is often desired as it offers fast settling time, reduces on-chip loop filter area and sensitivity of the VCO to pulling. The reference spur is a major issue when the bandwidth is increased, because ripples on the VCO control line undergo less filtering by the loop filter. This paper proposes design techniques based on sub-sampling phase detection to reduce...

This paper describes design and analysis of Spur gear. In the present work, it is proposed to substitute the metallic gear of sugarcane juice machine with plastic gears to reduce the weight and noise. For the purpose of two different types of plastic materials were considered namely Nylon and Polycarbonate and their viability are checked with their counterpart metallic gear (Cast iron). Based o...

In this study, the damping mechanism at the interface of the mating spur gear teeth is investigated. The dynamic behaviour of a spur gear pair is represented by a two Degree-of-Freedom (DOF) nonlinear model with the damping provided by the instantaneous tribological behaviour of the tooth contacts. The shear stress distributions along the tooth surfaces are incorporated with the dynamic model t...

The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an immunologically important cluster of highly variable genes that is known to affect fitness in domesticated mammals and birds. Spur length of male pheasants in southern Sweden correlates with male viability, female mate choice, and offspring survival rate. Here we show by genetic analyses that the MHC genotype is associated with variation in both ...

A female neonate, with neurological signs and leucocytosis in sterile spinal fluid, was found to have anomalies of the upper thoracic vertebral bodies with a bony spur indicating diastematomyelia. The spur was removed, but symptoms recurred. Necropsy at the age of 5 months revealed an intraspinal gastroenterogenous cyst containing a perforated peptic ulcer. Analysis of eight previous reports of...

The case of a patient with cirrhosis of the liver suffering from severe haemolysis accompanied by circulating ;spur cells' is described. Studies performed in an attempt to determine the cause for the abnormal shape of the erythrocytes demonstrated that the patient's serum could induce spur formation in normal compatible cells. Several lines of evidence pointed to the possibility that the factor...