AIM to investigate knowledge, attitude and behaviour toward infection control in two teaching hospitals on the island of Java by means of a questionnaire and to evaluate the use of the questionnaire as a tool. METHODS we investigated knowledge, attitude and behaviour toward infection control in two teaching hospitals on the island of Java by means of a questionnaire to identify problem areas,...

ISO 10993-4 is an international standard describing the methods of testing of medical devices for interactions with blood for regulatory purpose. The complexity of blood responses to biomaterial surfaces and the variability of blood functions in different individuals and species pose difficulties in standardisation. Moreover, in vivo or in vitro testing, as well as the clinical relevance of cer...

architecture education has social, interpersonal and ethical aspects. the role of narration and storytelling as a pedagogical tool in clarification of academic subjects has been argued by researchers.architecture is a multidisciplinary field of study that draws on the arts, science and social sciences. the aim in educating architects is seen as developing the imaginative, conceptual and practic...

This paper presents a new approach to study the statistics of lattice random walks in the presence of obstacles and local self-avoidance constraints (excluded volume). By excluding sequentially local interactions within a window that slides along the chain, we obtain an upper bound on the number of self-avoiding walks (SAWs) that terminate at each possible position and orientation. Furthermore ...

This paper proves that push-pull block puzzles in 3D are PSPACE-complete to solve, and push-pull block puzzles in 2D with thin walls are NP-hard to solve, settling an open question [ZR11]. Pushpull block puzzles are a type of recreational motion planning problem, similar to Sokoban, that involve moving a ‘robot’ on a square grid with 1 × 1 obstacles. The obstacles cannot be traversed by the rob...

Management theory teaches that successful innovation requires concomitant changes among the system ’ s components to achieve congruence or fi t . 1 Similar thinking has been applied to changing the U.S. health care system. 2 In recent years, there has been growing recognition that payment reform of the U.S. health care system must be accompanied by corresponding reforms in the delivery system. ...

In this article, we are concerned with the following problem: let X be a Banach space, over the field F (F = C or R), V ⊂ X is an n-dimensional subspace of X and u1, . . . ,um are m linearly independent functionals on X. given x∈X we want to recover x on the basis of the values u1(x), . . . ,um(x)∈ F. Hence we are looking for a map F : X → V such that uj (Fx) = uj (x) for all j = 1, . . . ,m. S...

Electronic communications have become the most important kind of communications in business. However, trust, privacy and security have become the great challenges for business and governments around the globe. The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) model tries to solve these issues and make the Internet more secure. This paper explains the main purposes of PKI and addresses some of the major issue...