Ownership unbundling and third party access are discussed as two options of unbundling in both the literature and political discussions. Focusing on the South American electricity sector, I contrast static and dynamic impacts of ownership unbundling and third party access regimes on customer prices. Substantially different results are found using dynamic rather than static analysis. In particul...

Simulation is used increasingly throughout the sciences for many purposes. While in many cases the model output is of primary interest, often the insight gained by the modeler through the simulation process into the behavior of the simulated system is the primary benefit. This insight can come from the action of building the model as well as observing its behavior through animations, execution ...

Static Model Analysis with Lattice-based Ontologies

Object oriented development has proved its worth in today’s system because its design and development is better, reliable and easier to access than the traditional methodologies. Due to updated requirements and lack of documentation in old systems has provided a motivation to revamp the systems. Rebuilding or redesigning the same system is highly expensive. To overcome this problem reverse engi...

ion and Refinement in Static Model-Checking Kaninda Musumbu LaBRI (UMR 5800 du CNRS), Université Bordeaux 1, France 351, cours de la Libération, F-33.405 TALENCE Cedex e-mail: [email protected] Abstract— Abstract interpretation is a general methodology for building static analyses of programs. It was introduced by P. and R. Cousot in [3]. We present, in this paper, an application of a generic ab...

While complex behavior can be generated through simple systems, as in chaotic and nonlinear systems, complex systems are found where a systems study contains multiple physical objects and interactions. Through the use of hierarchy, we are able to simplify and organize the complex system. Every level within the hierarchy may be reened into another level. System abstraction involves simpliication...

Pneumatic actuators convert pneumatic energy into mechanical motion. This motion can be linear or rotary. Linear motion is feasible with pneumatic cylinders (e. g. single-acting cylinder, double-acting cylinder, rodless cylinder) and pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs). Pneumatic artificial muscle is the newest and most promising type of pneumatic actuators. PAM is a membrane that expands radia...

To implement trade-off in automated negotiations is one of important aspects in the development of electronic commerce. And the precondition needs to establish a negotiation model. Introduced fuzzy set theory based on games theory; therefore, Introduced fuzzy set theory based on games theory, this paper puts forward a strategy model of the trade negotiations. In this model, firstly we complete ...

Received (received date) Revised (revised date) The analysis of hyperlink structure on the Web has been employed for detecting high quality documents. In approaches such as PageRank, the Web graph is modelled as a Markov chain and the quality of a document corresponds to the probability of visiting it during a random walk. However, it is not always straightforward to consider the Web graph as a...

a nonlocal beam model based on the bernoulli–euler beam theory is presented to investigate the dynamic stability of embedded single-walled carbon nanotubes (swcnts) in thermal environment under combined static and periodic axial loads. the dynamic stability analysis is carried out by including the effects of small-scale parameter, temperature change and elastic medium. the equation of motion is...